Q1. Which one of the following rights does not fall within the interpretation of “personal liberty” under Article 21? View Answer Correct Option: 2. Right to practice any profession Explanation: The right to practice any profession is primarily protected under Article 19(1)(g), not directly under personal liberty in Article 21. The others—travel, reputation, protection against […]
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Q1. What is the key difference between ‘procedure established by law’ and ‘due process of law’? View Answer Correct Option: 3. The former checks only legality; the latter checks fairness and reasonableness too Explanation: *‘Procedure established by law’ (Indian Constitution) means a person can be deprived of life/liberty if a law exists. *‘Due process of
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Q1. The doctrine that laws must not only follow procedure but also ensure fairness, justice, and reasonableness under Article 21 was firmly established by: View Answer Correct Option: 2. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) Explanation: In Maneka Gandhi, the Supreme Court ruled that “procedure established by law” must be just, fair, and reasonable,
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Q1. Which of the following is not covered under Article 21 as interpreted by the Supreme Court? View Answer Correct Option: 2. Right to vote in elections Explanation: Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, which has been expanded by the Supreme Court to include various derived rights like dignity, shelter, and
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Q1. Which Article of the Constitution protects the “external dimension” of the right to movement (i.e., right to travel abroad)? View Answer Correct Option: 3. Article 21. Explanation: The external aspect of movement — right to leave or return to India — is protected under Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty). Article 19(1)(d)
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Q1. Article 20 provides protection in respect of conviction for offences. Which of the following is NOT part of Article 20? View Answer Correct Option: 1. Protection against arrest. Explanation: Protection against arrest is provided under Article 22, not Article 20. Article 20 includes: *No retrospective criminal laws *No double punishment *No forced testimony Q2.
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Q1. Which of the following doctrines best reflects the limitations imposed on freedoms guaranteed under Article 19? View Answer Correct Option: 1. Doctrine of proportionality. Explanation: The doctrine of proportionality ensures that restrictions on fundamental rights must not be excessive and must be proportionate to the goal pursued. It is the core judicial test to
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Q1. Which of the following rights is NOT part of Article 19 of the Indian Constitution? View Answer Correct Option: 2. Right to constitutional remedies. Explanation: Article 19 guarantees six specific freedoms. The right to constitutional remedies is a separate fundamental right under Article 32, not part of Article 19. Q2. The right to strike
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Q1. Which of the following is NOT a valid restriction on the right to assemble peacefully under Article 19? View Answer Correct Option: 4. Maintenance of religious harmony. Explanation: While religious harmony is important, it is not explicitly listed as a ground for restricting the right to assemble under Article 19(3). Only public order and
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Q1. Which of the following is NOT protected under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution? View Answer Correct Option: 2. Right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property. Explanation: Originally a part of Article 19, the right to property was removed by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978. It is now a legal right under
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