{"id":3846,"date":"2025-11-30T20:42:58","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T20:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=3846"},"modified":"2025-11-30T20:42:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T20:42:58","slug":"mcqs-based-on-political-science-238","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=3846","title":{"rendered":"MCQs Based On Political Science- (238)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q1. Which of the following correctly distinguishes &#8220;equality before law&#8221; and &#8220;equal protection of laws&#8221; as used in Article 14?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Both are identical in meaning and application<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The former is a positive concept; the latter is a negative concept<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The former prohibits discrimination; the latter mandates equal treatment of equals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Both terms only apply to Indian citizens<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">View Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"padding-top:5px;color:#27302a;font-size:1.2rem;\"><b>Correct Option:<\/b> 3. The former prohibits discrimination; the latter mandates equal treatment of equals. <br\/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> &#8220;Equality before law&#8221; (British origin) is a negative concept, implying no special privileges. &#8220;Equal protection of laws&#8221; (U.S. origin) is a positive concept, requiring equal treatment of equals under similar circumstances.\n<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q2. <strong>Which of the following conditions must be met for a classification to be considered \u2018reasonable\u2019 under Article 14?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1.It should not be arbitrary, artificial or evasive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. It must be based on intelligible differentia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. The differentia must have a rational nexus with the objective<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. The classification must be based on economic status<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2 and 4 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2, 3 and 4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">View Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"padding-top:5px;color:#27302a;font-size:1.2rem;\"><b>Correct Option:<\/b> 2. 1, 2 and 4 only. <br\/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, &#8220;equality before law&#8221; and &#8220;equal protection of laws&#8221; do not prohibit all kinds of classifications. The Constitution allows reasonable classification as long as it satisfies two essential tests:<br\/>\n\n<b>\u2705 1. Intelligible Differentia<\/b><br\/>\nThis means that the classification must be based on a clear and distinct distinguishing factor that separates those who are grouped together from those who are left out.<br\/>\n\n-The basis of differentiation must be logical and understandable, not vague or irrational.<br\/>\n\n-For example, giving reservation to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) is based on the historical and social disadvantages they have faced \u2014 a real and intelligible differentia.<br\/>\n\n<b>\u2705 2. Rational Nexus to the Objective<\/b><br\/>\nThere must be a direct connection (nexus) between the basis of classification and the objective or purpose the law aims to achieve.<br\/>\n\n-If a law classifies people in a certain way, that classification must help fulfill the goal the law is trying to achieve.<br\/>\n\n-For instance, providing free education to children from economically weaker sections has a rational nexus to the objective of promoting inclusive education.<br\/>\n\n<b>\u274c 3. Classification must be based on economic status<\/b><br\/>\nThis is not a necessary condition for classification to be valid.<br\/>\n\n-Economic status can be a permissible criterion (like in EWS reservations), but it is not mandatory for all classifications.<br\/>\n\n-Article 14 permits classification based on various factors \u2014 social, educational, geographical, gender-based, etc. \u2014 as long as they meet tests 1 and 2.<br\/>\n\n<b>\u2705 4. Classification must not be arbitrary, artificial, or evasive<\/b><br\/>\nEven if a classification is based on differentia and has a nexus with the objective, it must not be arbitrary or artificial.<br\/>\n\n-This is to prevent abuse of legislative power under the guise of classification.<br\/>\n\n-Courts have repeatedly held that arbitrary classification violates the core spirit of equality under Article 14.\n<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q3. Which of the following is <strong>not<\/strong> immune under Article 361 of the Constitution?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Criminal proceedings against the Governor during term of office<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Civil proceedings against the President in his personal capacity during term without notice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Civil proceedings against the Vice-President for official acts during term<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Arrest or imprisonment of the President during his tenure<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">View Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"padding-top:5px;color:#27302a;font-size:1.2rem;\"><b>Correct Option:<\/b> 3. Civil proceedings against the Vice-President for official acts during term. <br\/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Article 361 provides constitutional immunity only to the President and Governors\u2014not to the Vice-President, who does not enjoy any special immunity beyond general provisions.\n<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q4. In which case did the Supreme Court declare that the &#8220;Rule of Law&#8221; is part of the basic structure of the Constitution?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">View Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"padding-top:5px;color:#27302a;font-size:1.2rem;\"><b>Correct Option:<\/b> 1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973). <br\/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The Kesavananda Bharati case established the Basic Structure Doctrine, recognizing Rule of Law, equality, and judicial review as essential features of the Constitution.\n<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q5. Which of the following National Awards would result in forfeiture under Article 18 if used as a title before or after the name?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Bharat Ratna<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Padma Vibhushan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Both 1 and 2 if used as title<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">None, as all National Awards are exempt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<button class=\"acc\">View Answer<\/button>\n<div class=\"pnl\">\n  <p style=\"padding-top:5px;color:#27302a;font-size:1.2rem;\"><b>Correct Option:<\/b> 3. Both 1 and 2 if used as title. <br\/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> While National Awards are valid, the Supreme Court (1996) ruled that they must not be used as titles (e.g., &#8220;Bharat Ratna Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam&#8221;). If so, the recipient may forfeit the award, as it violates Article 18.\n<\/p> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Q1. Which of the following correctly distinguishes &#8220;equality before law&#8221; and &#8220;equal protection of laws&#8221; as used in Article 14? View Answer Correct Option: 3. The former prohibits discrimination; the latter mandates equal treatment of equals. Explanation: &#8220;Equality before law&#8221; (British origin) is a negative concept, implying no special privileges. &#8220;Equal protection of laws&#8221; (U.S. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[544,542,222,196,21,503,31,121,221,543,20,168],"class_list":["post-3846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-political-science","tag-article-18","tag-article-361","tag-bank-exams","tag-basic-structure","tag-competitive-exams","tag-equal-protection-of-law","tag-mcq","tag-political-science","tag-rrb-exams","tag-rule-of-law","tag-ssc-cgl","tag-supreme-court"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3846"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3851,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3846\/revisions\/3851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}