{"id":6761,"date":"2025-12-02T18:33:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T18:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=6761"},"modified":"2025-12-02T18:33:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T18:33:13","slug":"short-notes-on-current-affairs-02-12-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=6761","title":{"rendered":"Short notes on Current Affairs 02.12.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">NHAI &amp; Jio National Highway Safety Alert System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Purpose of the initiative<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Enhance road safety and provide a seamless travel experience on National Highways.<br>\u2022 Offer advance warnings to travellers about potential hazards, enabling safer driving decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Key features<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Telecom-based system using Jio\u2019s 4G and 5G network.<br>\u2022 Alerts sent via SMS, WhatsApp, and high-priority calls.<br>\u2022 Covers accident-prone stretches, stray cattle zones, fog-affected areas, and emergency diversions.<br>\u2022 Integrated with NHAI digital platforms:<br>\u2022 \u2018Rajmargyatra\u2019 mobile app<br>\u2022 Emergency helpline number <strong>1033<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 How it works<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Automated alerts triggered when Jio mobile users approach identified risk zones on National Highways.<br>\u2022 Uses existing telecom towers\u2014no additional roadside hardware required.<br>\u2022 Phased implementation starting with pilot deployment in select regional offices.<br>\u2022 Will comply with regulatory and data-protection requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Benefits<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Provides early warnings, allowing commuters to adjust speed and driving behavior.<br>\u2022 Enhances road-safety awareness and reduces preventable road incidents.<br>\u2022 Leverages Jio\u2019s digital infrastructure, reaching over 500 million subscribers.<br>\u2022 Scalable solution that could extend to other telecom providers in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Statements from officials<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 NHAI Chairman Santosh Kumar Yadav: Initiative enables timely, reliable information, setting a benchmark for tech-enabled road safety.<br>\u2022 Reliance Jio President Jyotindra Thacker: Alerts use telecom reach to make travel safer and more informed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Plasma-Activated Coordination Polymers for Hydrogen Production<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Background<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Hydrogen is a clean fuel, produced efficiently via water electrolysis.<br>\u2022 Electrolysis involves two reactions:<br>\u2022 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) \u2013 relatively fast<br>\u2022 Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) \u2013 sluggish, requires high overpotential.<br>\u2022 Developing noble-metal-free catalysts for OER is a key research challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Role of Coordination Polymers (COPs)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 COPs are metal-organic frameworks used as electrocatalysts in water splitting.<br>\u2022 Limitation: fully coordinated metal sites by solvent\/water molecules leave few active sites, reducing catalytic efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Novel Strategy by CeNS Researchers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Argon plasma treatment used to activate COPs without damaging bulk structure.<br>\u2022 Creates coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUMSs) \u2192 more active sites for OER.<br>\u2022 Maintains structural integrity, confirmed by:<br>\u2022 X-ray diffraction (single-crystal &amp; powder XRD)<br>\u2022 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)<br>\u2022 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)<br>\u2022 Contact angle measurements<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"403\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image0013Q0D.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6772\" style=\"width:387px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image0013Q0D.jpg 403w, https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image0013Q0D-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: PIB<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Results<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Plasma-activated Ni- and Co-based COPs show:<br>\u2022 Lower onset potentials for OER<br>\u2022 Faster reaction kinetics in alkaline media<br>\u2022 Enhanced electrocatalytic performance without altering bulk framework<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Demonstrates a cost-effective, noble-metal-free approach to enhance water-splitting catalysts.<br>\u2022 Provides a blueprint for designing efficient electrocatalysts for clean hydrogen energy.<br>\u2022 Supports the broader goal of sustainable hydrogen production using advanced material engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">DRDO High-Speed Rocket-Sled Test of Fighter Aircraft Escape System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Purpose of the test<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Validate the fighter aircraft escape system (ejection seat and canopy severance) at controlled high velocity.<br>\u2022 Ensure complete aircrew recovery in emergency situations.<br>\u2022 Strengthen India\u2019s indigenous defence and self-reliance capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Key highlights<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Conducted at Rail Track Rocket Sled facility, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, Chandigarh.<br>\u2022 Collaboration between:<br>\u2022 DRDO<br>\u2022 Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)<br>\u2022 Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)<br>\u2022 Places India in the elite group of nations capable of advanced in-house escape system testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Test details<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Dynamic ejection test: more complex than static tests like Net test or Zero-Zero test.<br>\u2022 Dual-sled system used with LCA aircraft forebody.<br>\u2022 Velocity controlled via phased firing of multiple solid propellant rocket motors.<br>\u2022 Anthropomorphic Test Dummy used to record:<br>\u2022 Critical loads<br>\u2022 Moments<br>\u2022 Accelerations experienced by pilots<br>\u2022 Entire sequence captured via onboard and ground-based imaging systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Observations and outcomes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Canopy severance successfully validated.<br>\u2022 Ejection sequencing confirmed.<br>\u2022 Complete recovery of aircrew simulated successfully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Reactions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh: hailed as a milestone in indigenous defence capability.<br>\u2022 DRDO Chairman Dr Samir V. Kamat: congratulated the team for successful demonstration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">14th Joint Military Exercise EKUVERIN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Exercise EKUVERIN is a joint military exercise between the Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF).<br>\u2022 The 14th edition commenced in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 2 December 2025, running until 15 December 2025.<br>\u2022 Indian contingent: 45 personnel from GARHWAL RIFLES.<br>\u2022 Maldivian contingent: equal strength from MNDF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Meaning and Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 EKUVERIN means \u2018Friends\u2019 in Dhivehi, symbolising friendship, trust, and military cooperation.<br>\u2022 Conducted alternately in India and Maldives since 2009.<br>\u2022 Demonstrates India\u2019s Neighbourhood First Policy and commitment to enduring defence partnerships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Objectives<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Enhance interoperability between the two forces.<br>\u2022 Improve operational synergy in Counter-Insurgency (CI) and Counter-Terrorism (CT) operations.<br>\u2022 Operate across jungle, semi-urban, and coastal terrain.<br>\u2022 Share best practices, tactical drills, and joint operational planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Strategic Importance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Reflects growing defence cooperation between India and Maldives.<br>\u2022 Strengthens capacity to address common security challenges in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).<br>\u2022 Contributes to regional peace and stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Dakshina Kannada Designated as District Export Hub (DEH)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 The Government has designated Dakshina Kannada as a District Export Hub under the Districts as Export Hubs (DEH) initiative.<br>\u2022 Focus products for the district: seafood and cashew.<br>\u2022 Goal: promote local industry, value-added activities, and global market access while supporting sustainable economic growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Key Objectives<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Strengthen district-level export potential.<br>\u2022 Support local value-chain development and retention of processing activities.<br>\u2022 Facilitate participation in global trade and long-term economic development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Measures to Support Exporters<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>District Export Action Plans (DEAPs)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Identify logistics gaps: connectivity, warehousing, packaging, and testing.<br>\u2022 Recommend district-level improvements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operationalisation of SEPCs and DEPCs<\/strong><br>\u2022 State\/District Export Promotion Committees coordinate among authorities, exporters, customs, and logistics providers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Infrastructure &amp; Logistics Enhancement<\/strong><br>\u2022 Improve first-mile connectivity, establish common facility centres, enhance warehousing\/testing facilities, strengthen port linkages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Promotion of E-commerce Exports<\/strong><br>\u2022 Partnerships with Amazon, Shiprocket, DHL to provide cost-effective courier and small-consignment shipping options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dak Ghar Niryat Kendras (DNKs)<\/strong><br>\u2022 Postal export facilities for documentation, packaging, and small-parcel shipments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacity-Building &amp; Outreach<\/strong><br>\u2022 Exporter awareness programs on logistics planning, export procedures, packaging, and compliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitoring of Export Performance<\/strong><br>\u2022 District-wise data analysis to identify challenges and enable responsive interventions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Institutional Mechanism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 District Export Promotion Committee (DEPC):<br>\u2022 Coordinates actions among district authorities, port authority, exporters, logistics agencies, and state\/central departments.<br>\u2022 Ensures implementation of DEAP recommendations, including port-connected warehousing and logistics support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Strategic Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Aligns district-level export requirements with ongoing and proposed infrastructure developments, including New Mangalore Port.<br>\u2022 Facilitates local value-chain retention, reduces dependency on intermediaries, and strengthens the export ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">India\u2019s Renewable Energy Capacity and Initiatives (Oct 2025)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Achievements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 India has reached 50% of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources, five years ahead of its Paris Agreement target.<br>\u2022 As of 31 October 2025, non-fossil fuel installed capacity is ~259 GW, with 31.2 GW added in the current financial year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Role of Renewable Energy Implementing Agencies (REIAs)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Key REIAs: SECI, NTPC, NHPC, SJVN.<br>\u2022 Since April 2023, REIAs issued LoAs for 67,554 MW in renewable power procurement tenders.<br>\u2022 No cancellations of issued LoAs.<br>\u2022 Capacity addition also occurring via State tenders, commercial &amp; industrial sectors, and Green Energy Open Access \/ Captive route.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Shift in Renewable Energy Preferences<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Declining cost of solar-plus-storage and dispatchable renewable power is driving demand.<br>\u2022 Preference for solar-plus-storage over plain solar or wind-solar hybrid due to:<br>\u2022 Supply during peak demand hours<br>\u2022 Firm and Dispatchable Renewable Energy (FDRE) options<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Government Measures for PPA Execution<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 States urged to comply with Renewable Consumption Obligation (RCO) under the Energy Conservation Act.<br>\u2022 REIAs advised to aggregate demand from DISCOMs and other consumers before tendering.<br>\u2022 Regional workshops organized to address implementation challenges and accelerate PPA signing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Transmission and Storage Planning<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 Central Electricity Authority (CEA) prepares transmission plans based on MNRE-declared RE potential.<br>\u2022 Transmission system implemented in phases aligned with generation capacity addition.<br>\u2022 Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) (~47.2 GW) planned up to 2032:<br>\u2022 Enables peak shifting<br>\u2022 Reduces network congestion<br>\u2022 Improves utilization of transmission assets<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2022 Policy and Regulatory Support<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 CERC Third Amendment Regulations, 2025: Connectivity granted for solar and non-solar hours, enabling efficient transmission use.<br>\u2022 Facilitates integration of additional RE with co-located BESS without extra transmission infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Revamped Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) \u2013 implemented from FY 2022-23.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 <strong>Objective:<\/strong> Capacitate Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) for effective governance through training of Elected Representatives (ERs), functionaries, and other stakeholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 <strong>Training &amp; Capacity Building:<\/strong><br>\u2022 Basic orientation, refresher, thematic, specialized, and Panchayat development plan training.<br>\u2022 Exposure visits and development of training modules and materials.<br>\u2022 Institutional mechanism for ongoing capacity building support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 <strong>Infrastructure Support:<\/strong><br>\u2022 Construction of Gram Panchayat Bhawans.<br>\u2022 Procurement of computers and limited co-location of Common Service Centres (CSCs) in Panchayat Bhawans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 <strong>e-GramSwaraj Application:<\/strong><br>\u2022 Digital platform for planning, budgeting, accounting, work management, and monitoring at Gram Panchayat level.<br>\u2022 Real-time tracking of works: work identification, geo-tagging, progress reporting, financial tracking, and activity-wise reports.<br>\u2022 Integrates planning and implementation, strengthening evidence-based decision-making.<br>\u2022 Promotes transparency and accountability by making Panchayat information publicly accessible via dashboard and mobile interface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2022 <strong>Outcome\/Impact:<\/strong><br>\u2022 Enhances governance capabilities of Panchayats.<br>\u2022 Enables efficient monitoring of physical and financial progress of works.<br>\u2022 Improves service delivery, transparency, and public trust in PRIs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Initiatives to help MSMEs and promote digital payment transactions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>1. Credit Assessment Model (CAM) for MSMEs:<\/strong><br>\u2022 Launched to facilitate automated, objective, and digital loan appraisal for Micro, Small &amp; Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).<br>\u2022 Leverages digitally fetched and verifiable data from the ecosystem.<br>\u2022 Supports Existing to Bank (ETB) and New to Bank (NTB) MSME borrowers.<br>\u2022 Enables model-based limit assessment for loans and promotes faster and transparent credit decisions.<br>\u2022 Collaboration between Government, RBI, and NPCI ensures integration with the digital ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>2. Digital Payment Promotion Initiatives:<\/strong><br>\u2022 Incentive schemes for RuPay Debit Cards and low-value BHIM-UPI transactions (P2M).<br>\u2022 Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF) supports deployment of POS terminals, QR codes, and digital infrastructure in underserved regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>3. PM SVANidhi Scheme (Street Vendors):<\/strong><br>\u2022 Launched on 1 June 2020, now extended until 31 March 2030.<br>\u2022 Provides working capital loans to street vendors in three tranches: \u20b915,000, \u20b925,000, \u20b950,000.<br>\u2022 Introduces UPI-linked RuPay Credit Cards with a credit limit of \u20b930,000.<br>\u2022 Offers cashback incentives for digital transactions to encourage adoption of digital payments.<br>\u2022 Jointly implemented by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and Department of Financial Services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NHAI &amp; Jio National Highway Safety Alert System \u2022 Purpose of the initiative \u2022 Enhance road safety and provide a seamless travel experience on National Highways.\u2022 Offer advance warnings to travellers about potential hazards, enabling safer driving decisions. \u2022 Key features \u2022 Telecom-based system using Jio\u2019s 4G and 5G network.\u2022 Alerts sent via SMS, WhatsApp, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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