{"id":6791,"date":"2025-12-03T14:07:31","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T14:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=6791"},"modified":"2025-12-03T16:33:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T16:33:35","slug":"short-notes-on-current-affairs-03-12-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=6791","title":{"rendered":"Short notes on Current Affairs 03.12.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">WHO\u2019s New Guidelines on GLP-1 Weight-Loss Drugs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Core Announcement<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The WHO released its first global guidelines (Dec 1) on the use of GLP-1\u2013based weight-loss drugs for obesity treatment in adults.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Guidelines emphasise equitable access and position GLP-1 medications as one component of broader obesity management strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Recommendations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Conditional recommendation<\/strong>: GLP-1 therapies <em>may be used<\/em> for long-term obesity treatment in adults excluding pregnant women.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Use of these drugs must be paired with intensive behavioural interventions\u2014dietary changes and physical activity remain essential.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Conditional status is due to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Limited long-term data on safety, durability of weight loss, and outcomes after discontinuation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">High costs limiting accessibility for many populations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rationale<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">WHO acknowledges GLP-1 drugs as effective in producing significant weight loss and metabolic improvements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Obesity is a <strong>complex chronic disease<\/strong> linked to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers, and worse outcomes from infectious diseases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Global economic burden of obesity projected to reach $3 trillion annually by 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Equity and Public-Health Context<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">WHO stresses that medications alone cannot solve the global obesity crisis; broader prevention and public-health interventions are essential.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">A JAMA commentary echoes the need for equitable access to treatment, prevention, and health promotion strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">World Circular Economy Forum in October 2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">As India prepares to host the World Circular Economy Forum in October 2026, Finland plans to conduct roadshows across major Indian cities to promote awareness of the circular economy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Finnish Ambassador Kimmo Lahdevirta emphasised that discussions must shift beyond waste<strong> <\/strong>management to upstream areas such as product design, production processes, and extending product lifespan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">India\u2019s circular economy is projected to be worth <strong>$2 trillion<\/strong> and generate <strong>10 million jobs by 2050<\/strong>, according to Government of India estimates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Currently, India&#8217;s efforts are focused mainly on waste management and recycling, but the Finnish Innovation Fund SITRA highlighted broader opportunities across multiple sectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">According to UNDP data cited by SITRA, adopting a circular model could yield <strong>$4.5 trillion in economic benefits by 2030<\/strong>, reduce emissions, create stable jobs, and expand green markets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">SITRA also noted strong business interest: over 70% of CEOs are exploring circular economy opportunities, particularly to strengthen value chains and build more secure, closed-loop supply networks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">100-Day Intensive Awareness Campaign for a Child Marriage Free Bharat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Campaign Launch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The 100-Day Intensive Awareness Campaign for a Child Marriage Free Bharat will be launched on 4 December 2025 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The event marks<strong> <\/strong>one year of the Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat campaign launched on 27 November 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Union Minister Smt. Annpurna Devi and Minister of State Smt. Savitri Thakur will preside over the launch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The programme includes:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A National Pledge to end child marriage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A specially produced film with inspiring change stories<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testimonials from frontline champions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Live telecast available on webcast.gov.in\/mwcd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure of the 100-Day Campaign (27 Nov 2025 \u2013 8 Mar 2026)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">The campaign is divided into three focused spells:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spell 1: 27 Nov \u2013 31 Dec 2025<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Awareness activities in schools, colleges, and universities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Debates, essays, interactive sessions, and pledge ceremonies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spell 2: 1 \u2013 31 Jan 2026<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Engagement with faith leaders, community influencers, and marriage service providers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Focus on child rights, protection, and empowerment messaging<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spell 3: 1 Feb \u2013 8 Mar 2026<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Mobilisation of Gram Panchayats and Municipal Wards<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Passing of resolutions to declare jurisdictions child-marriage-free<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implementation &amp; Coordination<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The campaign will be executed with support from the Ministries of:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Health &amp; Family Welfare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Panchayati Raj<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Rural Development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Education<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Aims for seamless collaboration and grassroots penetration across the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overall Objective<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To mobilise citizens, institutions, and community leaders in a nationwide effort.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To strengthen India\u2019s long-term mission of creating a Child Marriage Free Bharat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Kashi Tamil Sangamam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance of the Event<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It is the fourth Kashi Tamil Sangamam, celebrating the cultural bond between Kashi (Varanasi) and Tamil Nadu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Sangamam, launched in <strong>2022<\/strong> during the <em>Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav<\/em>, has evolved into a major national cultural platform linking the <strong>Ganga<\/strong> and <strong>Cauvery<\/strong> civilizations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural and Linguistic Unity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Recalled the Prime Minister\u2019s description of the Sangamam as a meeting between one of the world\u2019s oldest languages (Tamil) and one of the world\u2019s oldest living cities (Kashi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Welcomed this year\u2019s theme \u2014 <strong>\u201cLet us learn Tamil\u201d <\/strong>\u2014 promoting linguistic harmony and cultural exchange.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Appreciated the initiative where 50 Hindi-speaking Tamil teachers, trained at the Central Institute of Classical Tamil, will teach basic Tamil to 1,500 students across 50 schools in Varanasi over 15 days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural Heritage and Rediscovery<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Highlighted the Agathiyar Yatra (Dec 2\u201310), retracing ancient cultural routes between Tamil Nadu and Kashi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Yatra honours Pandya King Athiveera Parakrama Pandian, whose travels linked Tamil Nadu with Kashi and contributed to the identity of <strong>Tenkasi (&#8220;Southern Kashi&#8221;)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inter-state Student Exchange<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Welcomed the initiative sending 300 students from Uttar Pradesh to visit leading cultural and academic institutions in Tamil Nadu, enhancing two-way cultural understanding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recognition of Organisers &amp; Broader Vision<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Praised the Ministry of Education, Government of Uttar Pradesh, and other Central ministries for organising the event.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Described the Sangamam as an embodiment of <strong>Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat<\/strong>, symbolising India\u2019s ancient civilizational unity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Concluded with hopes that the Kashi\u2013Tamil bond continues to strengthen for millennia and contributes to building the <strong>vision of Bharat<\/strong> under the Prime Minister\u2019s leadership.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Advocacy &amp; Outreach Workshop on the Jiyo Parsi Scheme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Purpose of the Workshop<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Organised by the Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) in collaboration with the Maharashtra<strong> <\/strong>State Minority Development Department.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Held at Mumbai University\u2019s Convocation Hall to promote and strengthen the Jiyo Parsi Scheme, which aims to support population growth and family welfare within the <strong>Parsi community<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Participants &amp; Engagement<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Senior officials including Shri Alok Verma (DDG) and Shri Ranjeet Kumar (Senior Director, NIC) interacted with beneficiaries and stakeholders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Discussions focused on improving accessibility, efficiency, and citizen-centric delivery of the scheme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Support for the Community<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">National Minorities Development &amp; Finance Corporation (NMDFC) participated, informing community members about easy and affordable loan schemes for entrepreneurship, start-ups, and small businesses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The initiative aims to boost economic empowerment and livelihood opportunities for Parsi individuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research-Based Insights<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) presented findings from an in-depth study on the Jiyo Parsi Scheme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The research offered evidence on demographic trends, programme impact, and recommendations for future improvements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citizen-Centric Governance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:17px\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A special interactive session by Shri Harsh Ranjan, Senior Consultant at MoMA, emphasised the importance of direct engagement with beneficiaries to improve programme delivery and address on-ground challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Transformation of the Scheme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">A major highlight was the launch of enhanced digital facilities, including a dedicated mobile app.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Beneficiaries can now complete formalities such as biometric authentication from home, improving convenience, transparency, and last-mile delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reflects the government\u2019s push for technology-driven public services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overall Commitment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">MoMA reaffirmed its dedication to supporting the Parsi community through effective schemes, informed policymaking, and continuous outreach.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Jiyo Parsi initiative aims to preserve the community\u2019s <strong>rich cultural heritage<\/strong> while ensuring long-term socio-economic well-being.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">The Study on Solar Magnetic Activity by IIA Astronomers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Purpose &amp; Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Astronomers have developed a new technique to track how the Sun\u2019s magnetic activity varies with latitude.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The findings help improve understanding of the solar magnetic dynamo, which influences <strong>s<\/strong>pace weather and potentially Earth\u2019s climate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Sun undergoes an <strong>11-year cycle<\/strong> of magnetic activity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Solar activity affects satellite communication, navigation systems, and power grids.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data &amp; Methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Study used 11 years of Ca-K line spectroscopic data (2015\u20132025) from the <strong>Kodaikanal Solar Observatory<\/strong> (operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics \u2014 IIA).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Calcium K line (393.4 nm), originating from the chromosphere, is a key indicator of magnetic activity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Instead of studying individual sunspots, researchers used a technique by Prof. Jagdev Singh that:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slices the Sun into horizontal latitude bands<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Captures the combined light from each band<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reveals large-scale magnetic patterns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Findings<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Solar activity is concentrated between 40\u00b0 N and 40\u00b0 S, with strongest signals around 15\u201320\u00b0 latitude\u2014the same region where sunspots peak during the solar cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Clear north-south asymmetries were observed:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The southern hemisphere shows steeper increases in activity at higher latitudes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stronger correlations with magnetic indicators in the south.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The team produced \u201cspectral response profiles\u201d, showing how Ca-K spectral features change with magnetic filling factors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Profiles peak near the core of the Ca-K line and show systematic hemispheric differences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">These variations reflect changes in chromospheric temperature and magnetic field strength.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relevance to Solar Dynamo Theory<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Results confirm that magnetic activity follows predictable latitude-dependent patterns aligned with the 11-year solar cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Findings offer new insights into the mechanisms driving the Sun\u2019s magnetic dynamo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research Collaboration<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Study published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Authors include researchers from IIA, IIT BHU, and Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">ISRO has successfully conducted the Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT)\u2014a major milestone for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Purpose of IMAT:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Part of the broader qualification campaign for the Crew Module\u2019s parachute-based deceleration system, a critical human-rating component.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Tested under extreme descent conditions, including a deliberate delay in the disreefing sequence between two main parachutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Outcome of Test:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Demonstrated structural integrity and load-bearing capability under asymmetric forces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Significantly strengthens confidence in the system and advances human-rating milestones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Timeline for Mission:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The successful test supports the Government\u2019s target of launching the first crewed Gaganyaan mission by Q1 2027.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oversight &amp; Validation:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">ISRO conducts independent reviews through:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Design Review Team (DRT)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Independent Assessment Committee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National Advisory Panel (NAP) for Human Rating &amp; Certification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">These bodies ensure rigorous technical scrutiny and certification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transparency Measures:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">ISRO regularly releases information on major test outcomes, including IMAT, and will continue to keep the public updated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crew Safety &amp; Training:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Emphasized as the highest priority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Training includes:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Emergency and off-nominal landing simulations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use of survival kits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychological support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Lessons from each test feed into system improvements and revalidation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk Management:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">ISRO has established a robust risk-assessment and mitigation framework aligned with global standards.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Oversight by bodies such as the Human Rating Certification Board and NAP ensures mission risks remain within acceptable limits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overall Significance:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Each test, including the IMAT, contributes to improving technologies, crew readiness, and recovery operations, reinforcing progress toward India\u2019s historic first human spaceflight mission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">India\u2013AI Impact Summit 2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">India will host the India\u2013AI Impact Summit 2026 from 16\u201320 February 2026 in New Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This is the first time the global AI summit series will be held in the Global South, marking a shift toward a more inclusive global AI governance dialogue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Summit positions India as an emerging leader in global AI discussions, following major events such as the:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UK AI Safety Summit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI Seoul Summit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paris AI Action Summit (co-chaired by India)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global AI Summit on Africa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Global Context &amp; Purpose<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Summit is embedded in an ongoing international discourse on responsible AI development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It aims to advance harmonised global cooperation rather than impose immediate binding regulations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The goal is to produce actionable, long-term governance recommendations for safe, inclusive, and responsible AI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seven \u2018Chakras\u2019 \u2013 Thematic Priorities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">The Summit focuses on seven core themes known as the Seven Chakras:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Human Capital<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Inclusion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Safe &amp; Trusted AI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Resilience<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Innovation and Efficiency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Democratizing AI Resources<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">AI for Economic Development and Social Good<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These themes cover critical areas such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">AI safety<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Data governance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Transparency and accountability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Human-centric development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Responsible and equitable AI deployment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">PM-WANI Scheme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Approval Date: 9th December 2020<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Objective: Accelerate proliferation of broadband services through Public Wi-Fi networks across India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Alignment: <\/strong>In line with the<strong> <\/strong>National Digital Communications Policy (NDCP) 2018<strong> <\/strong>to strengthen digital infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Framework<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Public Data Offices (PDOs): Set up Wi-Fi hotspots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Public Data Office Aggregators (PDOAs): Aggregate PDOs for better coordination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Minimal Regulatory Oversight: Encourages local entrepreneurs and promotes digital transformation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Current Status (as of 26.11.2025):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wi-Fi Hotspots <strong>(PDOs):<\/strong> 3,91,599 across states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Reforms Introduced (16.09.2024)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>FTTH Connection for PDOs:<\/strong> Allowed PDOs to provide PM-WANI Wi-Fi through existing fiber-to-home connections, reducing operational costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Aggregated Access Points:<\/strong> PDOs can combine multiple hotspots to a single backhaul, creating larger coverage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Existing Wi-Fi Integration:<\/strong> Home or business Wi-Fi APs can join PM-WANI network, generating revenue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Roaming:<\/strong> Users can switch between different PDOAs\u2019 hotspots seamlessly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Mobile Data Offload:<\/strong> PDOs can collaborate with Telecom Service Providers for mobile data offloading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Content &amp; Promotions:<\/strong> PDOAs and app providers can send marketing messages with user consent.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TRAI Tariff Reform (16.06.2025)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Telecommunication Tariff (71st Amendment) Order, 2025:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Retail FTTH broadband plans up to 200 Mbps must be offered to PDOs at tariffs not exceeding twice the corresponding consumer broadband price.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hardware &amp; Software<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Procured by PDOs, PDOAs, and App providers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Solutions must be PM-WANI compliant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Compliance is certified by C-DOT as per PM-WANI guidelines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">ISRO has planned an indigenous space station named Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">BAS will comprise five modules and is expected to be fully operational by 2035.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">National Level Review Committee has reviewed the overall configuration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First Module (BAS-01)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Union Cabinet Approval: September 2024 for development and launch of <strong>BAS-01<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Target Launch: 2028.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Progress: System engineering and technology development of various subsystems are progressing well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budget and Funding<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Development and launch of BAS-01 included in revised scope of Gaganyaan Programme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Total enhanced funding: \u20b920,193 Cr, approved by the Union Cabinet in September 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Standards and International Cooperation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">BAS-01 subsystems are designed following international standards, ensuring interoperability with systems from other space agencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Ongoing international cooperation explores:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Joint development of technologies for the Indian Human Space Programme<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use of niche test facilities and infrastructure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic Importance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Gaganyaan<\/strong>: First crewed demonstration mission will showcase safe human transportation to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and back.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>BAS<\/strong>: Next step in India\u2019s sustained human space program.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enables advanced scientific research in microgravity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supports technology development and future human exploration missions, including India\u2019s vision for Moon landing under Space Vision 2047.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WHO\u2019s New Guidelines on GLP-1 Weight-Loss Drugs Core Announcement Key Recommendations Rationale Equity and Public-Health Context World Circular Economy Forum in October 2026 100-Day Intensive Awareness Campaign for a Child Marriage Free Bharat Campaign Launch Structure of the 100-Day Campaign (27 Nov 2025 \u2013 8 Mar 2026) The campaign is divided into three focused spells: 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