{"id":6978,"date":"2025-12-12T17:04:18","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T17:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=6978"},"modified":"2025-12-12T17:04:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T17:04:18","slug":"short-notes-on-current-affairs-11-12-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=6978","title":{"rendered":"Short notes on Current Affairs 11.12.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vision and Objective<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Launched to achieve self-reliance in supercomputing in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Focuses on:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Providing access to state-of-the-art supercomputing facilities for researchers, academia, and startups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indigenous manufacturing of critical sub-components for supercomputers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mission Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Launch:<\/strong> April 2015<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Outlay:<\/strong> \u20b94,500 crore<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Implementation:<\/strong> Jointly by <strong>MeitY<\/strong> and <strong>DST<\/strong> through <strong>C-DAC (Pune)<\/strong> and <strong>IISc (Bengaluru)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deployment and Utilization<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">37 supercomputers deployed so far, totaling 40 Petaflop<strong>s<\/strong> computing power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">34 supercomputers deployed in the last 5 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">6 new systems under deployment with an outlay of \u20b9680 crore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Locations include IISc, IITs, C-DAC, R&amp;D labs, and Tier-II\/III cities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">PARAM Rudra series: Supercomputers built with:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indigenously designed Rudra servers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indigenous system software stack<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Usage:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&gt;<\/strong>13,000 researchers, including 1,700+ PhD scholars.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&gt;<\/strong>1 crore compute jobs completed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&gt;<\/strong>1,500 research papers published.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Active areas: Drug discovery, disaster management, energy security, climate modelling, astronomy, computational chemistry, fluid dynamics, materials research, aerospace engineering, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Startups and MSMEs also leveraging HPC for projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indigenous Development &amp; Technological Achievements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Rudra Server Board<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Designed and developed by C-DAC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technology transferred to 3 Indian EMS partners for local manufacturing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>High-speed inter-node communication<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Speeds of 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps for efficient data transfer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Cooling technology<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fully indigenously developed and in deployment stage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>HPC system software stack<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Completely developed and integrated with supercomputers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>PARAM Shavak<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A \u201csupercomputing-in-a-box\u201d for students and researchers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>HPC Applications of National Importance<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Developed for domains like genomics, drug discovery, flood forecasting, disaster management, urban weather modeling, seismic data processing, and material science.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrated with end-users such as IMD, ONGC, CWC, CPCB, Ministry of Ayush.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Future indigenous initiatives<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Design and development of HPC processors, accelerators, and storage systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Impact<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">NSM has established a complete supercomputing ecosystem in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Strengthens India\u2019s research capabilities, technological independence, and global competitiveness in high-performance computing and AI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Sujalam Bharat App<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview and Purpose<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Launched by: Union Minister of Jal Shakti, Shri C.R. Patil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Objective: Transform rural drinking water governance using real-time digital data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Key Goal: Improve transparency, community ownership, and efficient management of rural water supply under Jal Jeevan Mission.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Developed by: Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Focus: Advanced geo-referencing, monitoring, and management of water supply infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Sujalam Bharat Database<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Centralized platform integrating:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Water sources<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asset inventories<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scheme designs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operational records<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water quality reports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supply metrics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Community feedback<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Sujal Gaon ID<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Each rural scheme and habitation assigned a <strong>unique ID<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enables clear mapping of which scheme supplies water to which households.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Digital Profiling for Villages<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drinking water source (local\/bulk)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infrastructure condition and nature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supply reliability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water quality status<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O&amp;M arrangements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promotes transparency and community oversight of Gram Panchayats\/VWSCs and service providers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implementation and Training<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Nationwide online participation from all States and Union Territories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Hands-on training provided by BISAG-N for:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Operational use of the app<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geo-referencing procedures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integration of rural water assets into the system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Encourages structured adoption of digital operations at state and district levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Integration and Long-Term Planning<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Integration with PM Gati Shakti GIS for geospatial mapping of water networks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Maintains historical records of infrastructure, maintenance, and service levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports future planning, repair, and expansion with precision.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Aims to create a secure, reliable, and technology-enabled rural drinking water ecosystem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Promotes citizen-centric service delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Establishes Sujal Gaon ID as the \u201cAadhaar of rural water management\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Ensures sustainable and accountable water supply for every household.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">App will soon be available on Google Play Store for download.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">MoU between Ministry of Labour &amp; Employment and Microsoft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Signatories: Ministry of Labour &amp; Employment and Microsoft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Key Officials:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya \u2013 Union Minister for Labour &amp; Employment &amp; Youth Affairs &amp; Sports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Satya Nadella \u2013 CEO, Microsoft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Location<strong>:<\/strong> New Delhi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Purpose: Expand employment linkages, AI-led skilling, and prepare India\u2019s workforce for global opportunities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features of the Collaboration<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Integration with National Career Service (NCS)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Microsoft to encourage 15,000+ employers and partners from its global network to join the NCS platform.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aim: Broaden formal job access, support high-growth sectors, and enable international mobility of Indian professionals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>AI-driven Skilling Initiatives<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Expansion of DigiSaksham to equip millions of youth with future-ready skills in:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cloud technologies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cybersecurity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Productivity tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supports alignment with global industry standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Employment Digital Public Infrastructure (Employment DPI)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Microsoft to support development of interoperable solutions for labour markets at scale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leverages Microsoft\u2019s Azure and AI capabilities for strengthening NCS, e-Shram analytics, and labour market intelligence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Social Protection Integration<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India\u2019s social protection coverage rose from 19% in 2015 to 64.3% in 2025, benefiting over 94 crore citizens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI integration into e-Shram and NCS platforms strengthens social security and moves toward the goal of 100 crore citizens by March 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recognized by Microsoft as a benchmark for worker-centric policies using real-time data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Employer &amp; Partner Outreach<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Microsoft\u2019s partner ecosystem to enhance employer engagement, NCS adoption, and reach among industry, training partners, and institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Strengthens India\u2019s workforce globally by improving digital skills and AI competencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Expands formal employment opportunities via NCS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reinforces social protection and policy design through AI-driven labour market intelligence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Positions India as a global leader in employment digital infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Indian Railways Hydrogen Train Project<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Purpose: Pilot project to demonstrate the use of hydrogen-powered train technology in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Development Agency: Research, Design &amp; Standards Organization (RDSO) framed the specifications; Indian Railways executed the project.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Location of Hydrogen Plant: Jind, Haryana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Hydrogen Production: Using electrolysis, a green hydrogen generation process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features of the Hydrogen Train-set<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Indigenous Development<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Designed and developed entirely in India, showcasing <strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat<\/strong> initiative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Train Specifications<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>World\u2019s longest hydrogen train on broad gauge<strong>:<\/strong> 10 coaches.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power: 2400 kW total (two Driving Power Cars (DPCs) of 1200 kW each).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Passenger coaches: 8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zero CO\u2082 emissions: Only water vapor is emitted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Significance<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Major milestone in next-generation fuel technology for railways.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Covers designing, prototyping, and first-time development of hydrogen traction technology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides a pilot-scale demonstration; cost comparisons with conventional traction are not yet meaningful.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Environmental Impact<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Supports cleaner and greener transportation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aligns with India\u2019s commitment to sustainable and alternative energy sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Strategic Importance<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Demonstrates Indian Railways\u2019 commitment to innovation in alternative energy-powered mobility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paves the way for future hydrogen-based train travel in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Deodar Trees and Himalayan Geohazards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Location &amp; Context<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Site: Batseri, a village in Sangla valley, Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Geographical Feature: Along the Baspa River, in the western Himalayas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Problem: Increasing frequency of extreme climatic event<strong>s<\/strong> like droughts and floods linked with geohazards (landslides, rockfalls, GLOFs, snow avalanches).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objective of the Study<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To reconstruct past hydroclimatic conditions and understand their link with geohazard events.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To support future risk assessment and early warning system<strong>s<\/strong> in the Himalayan region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conducted by Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), an autonomous institute under DST.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methodology<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Tree-ring analysis (Dendroclimatology &amp; Dendrogeomorphology):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deodar (Cedrus deodara) trees act as natural archives, recording climate and geohazard events over centuries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>378-year reconstruction (1558\u20132021 CE)<strong>:<\/strong> Spring moisture history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>168-year record (1853\u20132021 CE): Rockfall activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Key Focus:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spring months (February\u2013April) moisture, influenced by Western Disturbances (WDs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Correlation between dry springs and rockfall events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Findings<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Shift from wetter conditions during Little Ice Age to progressive drying after 1757 CE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">53 rockfall events recorded; 8 of high intensity, mostly linked to spring droughts, especially after 1960.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Mechanism:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dry spring \u2192 poor slope vegetation \u2192 high vulnerability \u2192 heavy summer monsoon \u2192 rockfalls\/landslides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Climate variability plays a critical role in triggering geohazards in the Himalayas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Provides high-resolution long-term records of hydroclimatic and geohazard events.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports forest management, slope stabilization, and early warning systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Helps local communities and policymakers plan sustainable land-use and disaster preparedness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances understanding of climate-geohazard interactions, crucial for adaptation to climate change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publication<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Published in the journal <strong>Catena<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">GlowCas9: A Breakthrough in Real-Time Gene Editing Visualization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that cuts DNA at precise locations using a guide RNA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Traditional methods cannot observe Cas9 inside living cells in real time; they require fixing or lysing cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Real-time monitoring is essential for understanding gene-editing dynamics and ensuring safety, precision, and effectiveness in gene therapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New Breakthrough: GlowCas9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Scientists at the Bose Institute, Kolkata (DST) developed GlowCas9, a Cas9 enzyme that emits light while editing genes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Led by Dr. Basudeb Maji, with PhD researcher Arkadeep Karmakar designing the protein.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How GlowCas9 Works<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">GlowCas9 is a bioluminescent Cas9 enzyme created by fusing Cas9 with split nano-luciferase, derived from deep-sea shrimp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The two inactive enzyme fragments reassemble only when Cas9 folds correctly, producing a <strong>visible glow<\/strong>\u2014like firefly light.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This allows non-destructive, real-time tracking of gene editing inside:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Living cells<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whole tissues<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Even plant leaves<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages of GlowCas9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Real-time monitoring of CRISPR activity \u2014 \u201ctheratracking,\u201d a new direction in visual gene therapy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">High stability \u2014 retains its structure and activity even at elevated temperatures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Improves precision of Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) used to correct hereditary mutations (e.g., sickle cell anemia, muscular dystrophy).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Safer delivery for gene therapy due to enhanced enzyme robustness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Works in plant systems \u2192 potential for non-transgenic crop improvement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symbolic Demonstration<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Researchers programmed GlowCas9 to insert the DNA sequence spelling <strong>\u201cACHARYA\u201d<\/strong> into the genome\u2014honoring <strong>J.C. Bose<\/strong>, founder of the Bose Institute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Demonstrates the enzyme\u2019s high precision in targeted gene insertion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Opens new possibilities for visualizing genetic edits as they occur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Helps scientists understand:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How gene editing unfolds in real time<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When and where repairs occur<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whether edits are precise and successful<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Advances gene therapy toward becoming safer, more controlled, and more transparent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Indian Navy\u2019s DSC A20 Diving Support Craft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Commissioning Details<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Indian Navy will commission DSC A20\u2014the first vessel in the Diving Support Craft (DSC) class\u2014on 16 December 2025 at Kochi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The commissioning will occur under the Southern Naval Command, with Vice Admiral Sameer Saxena presiding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The induction strengthens the Navy\u2019s operational capability in underwater and diving operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Construction &amp; Indigenous Development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">DSC A20 is the lead ship in a series of five indigenously designed and built Diving Support Crafts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Built by <strong>Titagarh Rail Systems Limited (TRSL)<\/strong>, Kolkata.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Represents a major achievement for <strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat<\/strong> and the <strong>Make in India<\/strong> initiative in the maritime sector.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Developed through collaboration among:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian Navy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indigenous shipbuilders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National R&amp;D agencies like <strong>NSTL (Naval Science and Technological Laboratory)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design &amp; Technical Features<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Catamaran hull form<\/strong> for:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Superior stability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Larger deck area<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improved seakeeping<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Displacement: Approx. 390 tons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Equipped with advanced, state-of-the-art diving systems for multiple underwater missions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Designed and constructed under the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) Naval Rules.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Underwent hydrodynamic modelling and testing at NSTL, ensuring high performance and reliability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operational Capabilities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">DSC A20 is purpose-built for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Diving support operations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Underwater inspection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Salvage assistance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Coastal deployment and underwater missions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">General maritime support in shallow and coastal waters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px\">The vessel will be based at Kochi and operate under the Southern Naval Command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances the Indian Navy\u2019s underwater operational readiness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Adds a critical asset for coastal security and underwater maintenance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Strengthens India\u2019s indigenous shipbuilding ecosystem and maritime self-reliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">e-Courts Project Phase-III<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Financial Outlay &amp; Expenditure<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Total outlay for e-Courts Project Phase-III: \u20b97,210 crore over four years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Expenditures:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u20b9768.25 crore in FY 2023-24<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u20b91,029.11 crore in FY 2024-25<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u20b9907.97 crore released in FY 2025-26 (current year)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Vision &amp; Objectives<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Transform Indian courts into digital and paperless courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Digitization of legacy and current case records.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Expansion of video conferencing across all courts, jails, and selected hospitals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Expansion of online courts beyond traffic violations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Universal rollout of e-Sewa Kendras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Creation of cloud-based national data repository for digitized court records.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Use of AI and OCR technologies for case analysis, forecasting, and document processing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Deployment of Digital Courts 2.1, enabling judges to access all digital case documents, evidence, and filings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Key Achievements Under Phase-III<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Infrastructure<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">99.5% of court complexes connected through WAN (10\u2013100 Mbps bandwidth).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Case Information System (CIS) 4.0 implemented in all courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Digital courts generating:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>4+ lakh SMS\/day, 6+ lakh emails\/day<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>35 lakh daily hits on e-Courts portal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>14+ crore SMS to litigants and advocates so far<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Virtual Courts &amp; Online Adjudication<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">29 Virtual Courts operational (as of 30.09.2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Received 8.96 crore challans:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>7.84 crore challans disposed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>86.59 lakh challans paid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Payments amounting to \u20b9895.59 crore collected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Services for Citizens<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>e-Courts Mobile App<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3.38 crore downloads; provides case status, cause lists, orders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>JustIS App<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>21,955 downloads; enables judges to monitor judicial work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>e-Sewa Kendras<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1,987 centres operational for citizen\/legal service facilitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digitization of Records<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">High Courts have digitized 224.66 crore pages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">District Courts have digitized 354.87 crore pages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Video Conferencing &amp; Online Hearings<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">VC facilities available in 3,240 courts and 1,272 jails.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">3.81 crore online hearings conducted (till 30.09.2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Live streaming currently active in 11 High Courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">e-Filing &amp; e-Payments<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">5,187 court establishments enabled on e-Filing portal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">92.08 lakh cases e-filed (till 30.09.2025).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">e-Payments system:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>49.2 lakh court-fee transactions worth \u20b91,215.98 crore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.86 lakh fine payments worth \u20b961.97 crore.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solar Power &amp; Infrastructure Support<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Solar systems installed in 1,471 out of 1,530 targeted courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Process Automation<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under <strong>NSTEP<\/strong> (National Service and Tracking of Electronic Processes):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">6.21 crore e-processes issued.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">1.61 crore e-processes successfully delivered.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Platforms &amp; Repositories<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>J<\/strong>udgment Search Portal hosts 1.69 crore judgments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">S3WaaS platform hosts 730 District Court websites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Pilot testing of Digital Courts 2.1 underway.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Innovations Under ICJS &amp; Additional Platforms<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Nyaya Shruti App (2024)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enables virtual appearances of accused, witnesses, police, prosecutors, experts, and prisoners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>17 High Courts have notified Nyaya Shruti Rules for integration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>e-Sakshya Platform<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Facilitates digital recording of evidence for accuracy and transparency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>e-Summons Platform<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ensures faster and more reliable delivery of summons and notices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Capacity Building &amp; Training<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Out of \u20b97,210 crore, \u20b9208.52 crore earmarked for training and change management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">6-tier training model: national, state, regional levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">910 training programmes conducted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">3,22,740 stakeholders trained, including:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Judges and court staff<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technical personnel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Specialised training for visually challenged officers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Training in cybersecurity and digital forensics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Overall Impact<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Rapid progress towards paperless, transparent, and digitally integrated courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhanced access to justice through:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>e-filing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>online hearings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>virtual courts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>digital evidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>real-time case information<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Improved efficiency, reduced dependency on physical infrastructure, and faster case processing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Field Trials Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Launch of Pilot Project<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Union Minister for New &amp; Renewable Energy Shri Pralhad Joshi launched the Pilot Project for field trials on the use of hydrogen in the mobility sector.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Described as a major milestone in India\u2019s clean and green energy transition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Toyota\u2019s Mirai hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) handed over to NISE for real-world testing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hydrogen-Car.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6998\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hydrogen-Car.jpg 455w, https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hydrogen-Car-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Importance of Green Hydrogen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Green hydrogen highlighted as the backbone of future global energy systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports India\u2019s goals of:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Energy Aatma Nirbharta<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Innovative low-emission transport<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Achievement of Panchamrit climate commitments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Government confident that green hydrogen will play a central role in India&#8217;s future energy economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Significance of Toyota \u2018Mirai\u2019<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">\u2018Mirai\u2019 means \u201cFuture\u201d in Japanese, symbolising sustainable mobility aspirations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Represents a new chapter in India&#8217;s clean transportation ecosystem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">FCEVs emit only water, producing zero pollution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Role of NISE (National Institute for Solar Energy)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Under the MoU, NISE will conduct a two-year comprehensive test of the Mirai FCEV.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Testing will consider heat, dust, heavy traffic, varied terrain, and other Indian conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Aims to build industry confidence, develop technical capability, and generate insights for scaling hydrogen mobility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Statements Highlighting the Project\u2019s Importance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shri Pralhad Joshi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Personally drove the hydrogen vehicle to send a message that hydrogen mobility is ready for India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Praised Toyota Kirloskar Motor for its commitment to carbon neutrality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Appreciated NISE for leadership in clean energy advancements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Described the initiative as launching confidence, cooperation, and commitment for a sustainable future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shri Shripad Yesso Naik (MoS, MNRE)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Called the project a major step toward clean, green, self-reliant energy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Linked it to India&#8217;s progress under the National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Stated that real-world testing marks India&#8217;s progress from policy to experimentation to commercialization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Emphasized the strong collaboration between government, research institutions, and industry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reaffirmed dedication to the National Green Hydrogen Mission.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Stressed hydrogen fuel-cell tech as vital for net-zero targets and energy independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. About Toyota Mirai FCEV<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Second-generation hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Produces electricity from a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Emits only water vapour \u2192 100% clean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Driving range<strong>:<\/strong> ~650 km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Refuelling time: Under 5 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Considered one of the most advanced zero-emission vehicles globally.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">India\u2019s first fully indigenous hydrogen fuel cell passenger vessel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Historic Launch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal flagged off India\u2019s first fully indigenous hydrogen fuel cell passenger vessel at Namo Ghat, Varanasi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Marks a major milestone in India\u2019s green maritime initiatives and clean mobility transition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Technological Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">First vessel in India to demonstrate hydrogen fuel cell propulsion in a maritime setting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Powered by a Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Converts stored hydrogen into electricity, emitting only water, ensuring zero pollution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Based entirely on indigenous technology, strengthening &#8220;Make in India&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Leadership &amp; Vision<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Minister Sonowal highlighted the launch as aligned with PM Narendra Modi\u2019s vision of:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clean, sustainable, self-reliant transportation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Green mobility across all sectors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preservation and rejuvenation of the Ganga<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports India&#8217;s commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Organisations Involved<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Owned by:<\/strong> Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Built by:<\/strong> Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Vessel introduced after completion of successful trial operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports initiatives under:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maritime India Vision 2030 (MIV 2030)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 (MAKV 2047)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Vessel Specifications<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">24-meter catamaran, designed for urban transit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Fully air-conditioned cabin; 50-passenger capacity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Speed: 6.5 knots service speed; 7\u20139 knots possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Operates for up to 8 hours on a single hydrogen fill.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Hybrid system integrates hydrogen fuel cells + batteries + solar energy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Certified by: Indian Register of Shipping.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"302\" height=\"144\" src=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hydrogen-vessel1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7001\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.0973412913727616;width:415px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hydrogen-vessel1.jpg 302w, https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Hydrogen-vessel1-300x143.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Tripartite Agreement for Operations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Agreement signed between:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IWAI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inland and Coastal Shipping Ltd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Covers:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Technical support<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Safety procedures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Financial terms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitoring &amp; inspections during pilot phase<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Benefits &amp; Impact<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Provides noise-free, smoke-free, and zero-emission transportation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reduces road congestion by promoting water-based mobility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Boosts:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Local tourism<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employment opportunities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clean urban transport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Positions Varanasi among the first cities globally to adopt hydrogen-powered passenger vessels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Maiden Voyage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">First commercial journey covered 5 km from Namo Ghat to Lalita Ghat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Carried ministers, senior officials, and dignitaries marking the start of commercial operations on National Waterway-1 (Ganga).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Broader Strategic Importance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reinforces IWAI\u2019s long-term strategy to modernise and decarbonise India\u2019s inland water transport network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Complements the earlier deployment of hybrid electric catamarans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Represents a critical step toward green, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible maritime transport.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) Vision and Objective Mission Overview Deployment and Utilization Indigenous Development &amp; Technological Achievements Key Impact Sujalam Bharat App Overview and Purpose Key Features Implementation and Training Integration and Long-Term Planning Significance MoU between Ministry of Labour &amp; Employment and Microsoft Overview Key Features of the Collaboration Significance Indian Railways Hydrogen Train [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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