{"id":7212,"date":"2025-12-27T15:58:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T15:58:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=7212"},"modified":"2025-12-27T15:58:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T15:58:35","slug":"short-notes-on-current-affairs-23-12-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=7212","title":{"rendered":"Short notes on Current Affairs 23.12.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Akash-NG missile system<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Successful Completion of Trials<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">DRDO has successfully completed the User Evaluation Trials (UET) of the Next Generation Akash (Akash-NG) missile system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">UET is a critical phase that validates the system\u2019s performance under realistic operational conditions by the end user (IAF).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Operational Performance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Missiles demonstrated high accuracy by intercepting aerial targets at:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Near-boundary, low-altitude<\/strong> scenarios<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Long-range, high-altitude<\/strong> scenarios<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Confirms Akash-NG\u2019s capability to address diverse and complex aerial threats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technological Advancements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Equipped with an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker, enhancing target tracking and engagement accuracy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Uses a solid rocket motor, ensuring reliability, quick response, and reduced maintenance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Represents a significant upgrade over earlier Akash variants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indigenous Development &amp; Industry Participation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">All major systems and sub-systems\u2014such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Multi-Function Radar (MFR)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Command and Control Unit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Missile Launch Vehicle (MLV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Designed and developed by DRDO laboratories with support from Indian defence industries, strengthening <em>Aatmanirbhar Bharat<\/em> in defence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">User Involvement<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Trials were witnessed by:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Senior DRDO scientists<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian Air Force (IAF) user representatives<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Ensures that operational requirements of the armed forces are fully met.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Akash-NG enhances India\u2019s layered air defence architecture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Improves the IAF\u2019s ability to counter enemy aircraft, drones, and other aerial threats.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Boosts India\u2019s preparedness along border and high-altitude regions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Official Recognition &amp; Statements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh praised DRDO, IAF, and industry partners for the achievement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Highlighted that Akash-NG will significantly <strong>strengthen India\u2019s air defence capabilities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Secretary (Defence R&amp;D) and Chairman, DRDO confirmed that successful UET clears the way for induction into the Indian Armed Forces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Outcome &amp; Way Forward<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Completion of UET marks the <strong>final step before induction<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Akash-NG is now ready for <strong>operational deployment<\/strong>, reinforcing India\u2019s defence modernization and self-reliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">INSV Kaundinya<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maiden Overseas Voyage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>INSV Kaundinya<\/strong>, a stitched sailing vessel of the Indian Navy, will begin her <strong>maiden overseas voyage <\/strong>on 29 December 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The vessel will be flagged off from <strong>Porbandar, Gujarat<\/strong>, to <strong>Muscat, Oman<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The voyage symbolically retraces ancient maritime trade routes linking India with the Indian Ocean world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historical &amp; Cultural Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The vessel revives India\u2019s ancient shipbuilding and seafaring traditions, highlighting the country\u2019s historic maritime heritage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reflects India\u2019s long-standing role as a maritime civilisation engaged in trade with West Asia, Africa, and Southeast Asia for millennia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traditional Shipbuilding Technique<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Constructed entirely using the stitched-plank technique, an ancient method once prevalent along Indian coasts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Wooden planks are stitched with coconut coir rope instead of metal fasteners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Sealed using natural resins, ensuring flexibility and seaworthiness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This technology enabled ancient Indian mariners to undertake long-distance oceanic voyages before modern metallurgy and navigation tools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design Inspiration &amp; Craftsmanship<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Inspired by depictions of ancient Indian ships found in historical sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Represents a convergence of history, traditional craftsmanship, and modern naval expertise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Built by traditional artisans under the guidance of master shipwright Shri Babu Sankaran.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Institutional Collaboration<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Project executed under a tripartite MoU involving:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ministry of Culture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indian Navy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\/s Hodi Innovations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Part of India\u2019s broader effort to rediscover and revive indigenous knowledge systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research &amp; Technical Support<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supported by extensive research, design, and testing conducted by:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian Navy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Academic and research institutions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Despite traditional construction methods, the vessel is fully seaworthy and capable of oceanic navigation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Name &amp; Symbolism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Named after Kaundinya, a legendary ancient Indian mariner believed to have sailed from India to Southeast Asia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Symbolises India\u2019s historic maritime outreach and cultural exchange across the Indian Ocean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic &amp; Soft Power Dimensions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances India\u2019s maritime cultural diplomacy through heritage-based naval initiatives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reinforces India\u2019s image as a historically connected Indian Ocean power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Aligns with national initiatives promoting heritage conservation, cultural revival, and naval outreach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">PESA Mahotsav 2025<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Event Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The two-day PESA Mahotsav (23\u201324 December 2025) commenced in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The event celebrates the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA), which strengthens self-governance in Scheduled Areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inaugural PESA Run<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Mahotsav began with a PESA Run along Ramakrishna (R.K.) Beach, symbolising public participation and awareness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The run saw enthusiastic participation from all age groups, with notable involvement of tribal youth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Flagged off by Arjuna Awardee and renowned archer Ms. Jyothi Surekha Vennam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Senior officials from the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) and the Government of Andhra Pradesh were present.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Messages Highlighted<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Speakers emphasised the <strong>spirit of PESA<\/strong> in:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Empowering Gram Sabhas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Protecting tribal rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Safeguarding community resources<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Preserving cultural identity of Scheduled Area communities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Formal Inauguration &amp; Day-One Activities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Mahotsav was formally inaugurated by senior officials from MoPR and Panchayat Raj &amp; Rural Development Department, Andhra Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">A range of activities were organised to promote tribal culture and livelihoods:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exhibition stalls, including a Craft Bazaar and Food Festival, showcasing tribal handicrafts and cuisines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sports competitions such as Kabaddi and Archery\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kabaddi semi-finals held<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Archery competitions conducted through multiple stages (qualifying to medal rounds)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tribal Demo Games<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The second half of Day One featured Tribal Demo Games by teams from various PESA States.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Traditional indigenous games showcased included:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cholo, Yedu Penkulata, Gedi Doud, Rasa Kashi, Uppanna Barelu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pithool, Sikor, Mallakhamba, Chakki Khel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">These games reflected the rich sporting and cultural heritage of tribal communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parallel Gram Sabha Activities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Gram Sabhas were conducted in 10 PESA Gram Panchayats in Alluri Sitharama Raju District.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Key discussion themes included:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Strengthening Gram Sabha institutions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prevention of land alienation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ownership and management of Minor Forest Produce (MFP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Control over minor minerals and minor water bodies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulation of intoxicants and money lending<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preservation of customs, traditions, and cultural identity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Day Two Agenda &amp; Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Mahotsav will conclude with:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Technical sessions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Launch of landmark initiatives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cultural programmes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prize distribution and valedictory sessions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The event marks <strong>PESA Day<\/strong>, reinforcing:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Participatory governance<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grassroots democracy<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Empowerment of Scheduled Area communities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overall Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PESA Mahotsav 2025 serves as a platform to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Increase awareness about PESA provisions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Celebrate tribal culture and traditions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Strengthen democratic decentralisation in Scheduled Areas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Promote inclusive and community-led development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Event Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Unit-2 (250 MW) of the 2000 MW Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project was commissioned through virtual inauguration by Shri Manohar Lal, Union Minister of Power, Housing &amp; Urban Affairs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Located on the Subansiri River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The project consists of 8 units of 250 MW each, making it India\u2019s largest hydropower project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"341\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image003HWUI.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7223\" style=\"width:365px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image003HWUI.jpg 341w, https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image003HWUI-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: PIB<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports India\u2019s Net Zero and renewable energy goals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances power supply in North-East India and strengthens the national grid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Provides reliable renewable energy to meet growing demand across 16 beneficiary states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Allocates free power to Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and 1,000 MW to the North-East region.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technical and Engineering Highlights<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Run-of-the-River scheme with small pondage, diverting water through 8 Head Race Tunnels (HRTs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Generates <strong>7,422 million units (MU) <\/strong>of renewable electricity annually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Features <strong>India\u2019s largest dam in North-East<\/strong>: 116-metre-high concrete gravity dam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Implements flood moderation, with a 442 million cubic metre flood cushio<strong>n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Innovations include:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heaviest hydro generator rotors and largest stators<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Largest main inlet valves in India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>First use of <strong>Rotec\u2019s Tower Belt<\/strong> for dam concreting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nation\u2019s largest aggregate processing and high-capacity batching plants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Socio-Economic Impact<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">During construction, ~7,000 locals engaged daily, generating direct and indirect employment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Promotes local industries such as piggery, sericulture, handloom through IRMA-supported programs, benefiting ~5,000 women.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Expected to spur small-scale industries, tourism, and river navigation, reducing outmigration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Environmental &amp; River Management<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Extensive riverbank protection and erosion control along Subansiri River, covering 60 km with an investment of \u20b9522 crore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Flood cushioning and reservoir management protect downstream communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Designed as first cascaded dam on Subansiri River.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Future Plans<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Next 3 units to be commissioned shortly; remaining 4 units by 2026\u201327.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Upon full commissioning, will significantly increase India\u2019s renewable energy capacity and strengthen grid resilience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NHPC Achievements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Installed capacity: <strong>8,333 MW from 30 stations<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Projects under construction: <strong>9,704 MW from 14 projects<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Diversified into <strong>solar, wind, and green hydrogen<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Reinforces NHPC\u2019s role as a <strong>100% Green Energy Company<\/strong> supporting India\u2019s clean energy transition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Akash-NG missile system Successful Completion of Trials Operational Performance Technological Advancements Indigenous Development &amp; Industry Participation User Involvement Strategic Significance Official Recognition &amp; Statements Outcome &amp; Way Forward INSV Kaundinya Maiden Overseas Voyage Historical &amp; Cultural Significance Traditional Shipbuilding Technique Design Inspiration &amp; Craftsmanship Institutional Collaboration Research &amp; Technical Support Name &amp; Symbolism Strategic &amp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[592],"tags":[1176,222,21,22,1177,1180,1178,221,20,1179],"class_list":["post-7212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-short-notes","tag-akash-ng-missile-system","tag-bank-exams","tag-competitive-exams","tag-current-affairs","tag-insv-kaundinya","tag-panchayats-extension-to-scheduled-areas-act","tag-pesa-mahotsav-2025","tag-rrb-exams","tag-ssc-cgl","tag-subansiri-lower-hydroelectric-project"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7212"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7225,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7212\/revisions\/7225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}