{"id":7252,"date":"2025-12-30T18:08:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T18:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=7252"},"modified":"2025-12-30T18:08:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T18:08:30","slug":"short-notes-on-current-affairs-26-12-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehnatt.com\/?p=7252","title":{"rendered":"Short notes on Current Affairs 26.12.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Government Notifies Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2025<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Policy Notification<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Government has notified the <strong>Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2025<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The notification was issued on <strong>23 December 2025<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It amends <strong>Rule 9 of the Colliery Control Rules, 2004<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objective of the Amendment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To enhance ease of doing business in the coal sector.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To make the coal and lignite mining sector more business-friendly and efficient.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To remove procedural redundancies and speed up mine operationalisation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To support faster coal production while retaining regulatory safeguards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Earlier Approval Framework<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Mine owners were required to obtain <strong>prior permission from the Coal Controller\u2019s Organisation (CCO)<\/strong> for:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opening a coal or lignite mine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opening individual seams or sections of a seam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restarting mines that remained non-operational for <strong>180 days or more<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This process caused delays in mine operationalisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Change Introduced<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The requirement of prior opening permission from the CCO has been dispensed with.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Approval authority for opening a mine, seam, or section of a seam is now vested with the Board of the concerned coal company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact of the Reform<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Approval process is significantly streamlined.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Expected to reduce mine operationalisation time by up to 2 months.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Places accountability at the highest corporate decision-making level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances operational efficiency and investor confidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Safeguards and Regulatory Oversight<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Board approval is allowed only after all requisite approvals from:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Central Government<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>State Government<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relevant statutory bodies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Companies must intimate the CCO with details after mine opening.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">For entities other than companies, approval will continue to be granted by the CCO.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Balance of Reform<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Delegates operational decision-making to company Boards.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Retains regulatory oversight and statutory compliance requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Ensures transparency and continued monitoring by authorities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overall Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The amendment promotes efficiency, faster decision-making, and accountability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It supports timely expansion of coal production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Strengthens confidence in India\u2019s coal sector regulatory framework while maintaining safeguards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">BIS Releases New Standard for Incense Sticks (IS 19412:2025)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Event &amp; Announcement<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Union Minister Shri Pralhad Joshi released IS 19412:2025 \u2013 Incense Sticks (Agarbatti) \u2014 Specification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Released on National Consumer Day 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Purpose of the Standard<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Ensure consumer safety, indoor air quality, and environmental sustainability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Restrict harmful chemicals and synthetic fragrances in incense sticks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Support regulatory compliance and align with global safety standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features of IS 19412:2025<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Prohibited substances<\/strong> include:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Insecticidal chemicals: alethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Synthetic fragrance intermediates: benzyl cyanide, ethyl acrylate, diphenylamine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Classification of agarbattis:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Machine-made<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hand-made<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traditional masala<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Prescribed requirements:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Raw materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Burning quality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fragrance performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemical parameters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefits of the Standard<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Products conforming to IS 19412:2025 can carry the BIS Standard Mark, helping consumers make informed and safe choices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Promotes ethical and sustainable manufacturing practices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Protects traditional livelihoods, including artisans, MSMEs, and rural micro-entrepreneurs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances global market access for Indian incense products.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stakeholder Involvement<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Developed by <strong>BIS Fragrance and Flavour Sectional Committee (PCD 18)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Experts from leading research institutes contributed:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CSIR\u2013CIMAP, CSIR\u2013IITR, CSIR\u2013CFTRI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fragrance and Flavour Development Centre (FFDC), Kannauj<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All India Agarbatti Manufacturers Association<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Industry Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">India is the <strong>largest producer and exporter of agarbattis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Estimated annual industry size: <strong>\u20b98,000 crore<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Exports: ~<strong>\u20b91,200 crore<\/strong> to <strong>150+ countries<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Supports a <strong>large ecosystem of artisans and women workers<\/strong>, particularly in rural\/semi-urban areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural &amp; Market Context<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Agarbattis are widely used in:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Households<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Places of worship<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meditation and wellness centres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Rising global interest in yoga, meditation, aromatherapy, and holistic well-being has increased domestic and international demand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">T Chamaeleontis (T Cha)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Object of Study<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>T Chamaeleontis (T Cha)<\/strong> is a young, Sun-like star located approximately 350 light-years from Earth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It is surrounded by a circumstellar (planet-forming) disk containing gas and dust.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The disk h<strong>as a wide gap, likely created by a forming protoplanet, maki<\/strong>ng T Cha an important system for studying early planet formation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disk Structure and the \u201cVeil\u201d Effect<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Normally, a dense inner wall of the circumstellar disk blocks much of the star\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) radiation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This shielding prevents UV light from reaching the colder outer disk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">As a result, certain molecules\u2014especially those that require UV excitation\u2014are usually hard to detect around low-mass, Sun-like stars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>PAHs<\/strong> are flat, carbon- and hydrogen-based molecules made of linked benzene rings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">They are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Common in interstellar clouds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Considered precursors to complex organic chemistry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Known to absorb UV photons and emit characteristic mid-infrared radiation (5\u201315 \u03bcm)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">PAHs are rarely observed in disks around low-mass stars due to low UV output and disk shielding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Event: Disk Collapse and Illumination<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">In 2022, T Cha underwent a high accretion event:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Material from the disk rapidly fell onto the star.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This caused the inner disk wall to partially collapse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The collapse allowed UV radiation to flood the outer disk, illuminating previously shadowed regions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Observations and Instruments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Scientists from the <strong>Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA)<\/strong> analyzed:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>JWST (James Webb Space Telescope)<\/strong> data from the <strong>Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">JWST\u2019s sensitivity captured strong mid-infrared emission from PAHs during the 2022 event.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Archival data from the Spitzer Space Telescope were re-examined for comparison.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Findings<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Clear PAH emission bands<\/strong> were detected in JWST data, making:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T Cha one of the <strong>lowest-mass stars with confirmed PAHs<\/strong> in its disk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Spitzer data showed:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Faint but definite PAH signatures<\/strong>, confirming the molecules existed earlier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Comparison between Spitzer (earlier) and JWST (2022) data showed:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PAH emission became <strong>much brighter<\/strong> after the disk collapse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relative intensities of PAH spectral features remained nearly unchanged.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This indicates:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The PAHs were stable over nearly two decades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their intrinsic properties (size and charge) did not change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemical Characteristics<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The detected PAHs are small molecules, containing fewer than 30 carbon atoms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Their excitation is directly linked to <strong>increased UV exposure<\/strong>, not molecular transformation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scientific Significance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The study was published in <strong>The Astronomical Journal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Demonstrates that:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disk structure changes can temporarily reveal hidden chemistry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PAHs can survive in planet-forming disks around Sun-like stars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Provides new insight into:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Disk evolution<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Planet\u2013disk interactions<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The persistence of complex organic molecules during planet formation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Future Implications<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">With JWST\u2019s long operational lifetime:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T Cha can be observed repeatedly over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scientists can track chemical and structural changes in the disk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This opens new opportunities to study:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How organic molecules evolve during planet formation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conditions that may influence the chemical origins of life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">Veer Baal Diwas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>Veer Baal Diwas<\/strong> is observed annually on 26 December by the Government of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The day commemorates the martyrdom of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji, the younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Sikh Guru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It aims to honour their extraordinary bravery, sacrifice, and unwavering faith.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The observance seeks to inspire India\u2019s youth with values of courage, moral strength, and selflessness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historical Context<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji were martyred on 26 December 1704.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The martyrdom took place at Sirhind (present-day Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">They were bricked alive for refusing to abandon their faith under coercion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Despite their young age, they displayed remarkable moral courage and dignity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Their sacrifice is a lasting symbol of the Sikh Gurus\u2019 heritage, faith, and resistance against injustice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The event holds a central place in India\u2019s collective historical memory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The day is traditionally observed with prayers and keertans in Gurudwaras.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objectives of Veer Baal Diwas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To honour the <strong>martyrdom and bravery<\/strong> of the Sahibzadas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To <strong>educate and sensitize youth<\/strong> about their sacrifice and values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To inculcate <strong>civic virtues<\/strong> such as courage, integrity, resilience, and patriotism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">To connect <strong>historical sacrifice with contemporary national values<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Observance and Activities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Observed <strong>nationwide<\/strong>, with strong participation from <strong>schools and youth organizations<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Activities include:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Essay writing, quizzes, and debates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Storytelling sessions and art competitions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cultural programmes and youth marches<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public tributes and commemorative events<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Emphasis on inclusive, participatory, and youth-centric engagement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Events also serve as platforms to showcase the talent, creativity, and achievements of children and youth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Prime Minister Narendra Modi graces the occasion, reinforcing the importance of children in nation-building.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PMRBP)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">A <strong>prestigious national-level award<\/strong> linked with Veer Baal Diwas celebrations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Conferred annually by the Hon\u2019ble President of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Recognises <strong>exceptional achievements of children below 18 years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Aims to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Celebrate and encourage young achievers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inspire peers through real-life role models<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promote innovation, service, perseverance, and national pride<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Categories of PMRBP<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Awards are given in <strong>six categories<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Bravery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Social Service<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Environment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Sports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Art &amp; Culture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Science &amp; Technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eligibility Criteria<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Open to <strong>Indian citizens residing in India<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Age group: <strong>5 to 18 years<\/strong> as on <strong>31 July<\/strong> of the award year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The achievement must have occurred <strong>within two years prior<\/strong> to the last date of application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nomination and Selection Process<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Selection is carried out by the PMRBP Committee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Committee is:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Constituted by the Hon\u2019ble Minister for Women and Child Development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chaired by the Secretary, Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Includes domain experts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Awards are granted based on:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exceptional merit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Societal impact of the achievement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Final approval is given by the Hon\u2019ble Minister for Women and Child Development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Number and Nature of Awards<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">A maximum of <strong>25 awards<\/strong> are conferred annually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The Committee may exceed this limit in <strong>exceptional cases<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Each award includes:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A <strong>Medal<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <strong>Certificate<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Posthumous Awards<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">PMRBP is <strong>generally not awarded posthumously<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Posthumous conferment may be considered only in <strong>rare and highly deserving cases<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background\">National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) linked to National Population Register (NPR)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID): Overview<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">NATGRID is a secure intelligence-sharing platform used by police and other authorised law-enforcement and security agencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It enables real-time access to multiple government and private databases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The platform is accessible only to security agencies and operates on indigenous, secure technology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">NATGRID became fully operational last year, though it was conceptualised in 2009 following the 26\/11 Mumbai terror attacks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Linkage with National Population Register (NPR)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">NATGRID has now been linked with the National Population Register (NPR).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">NPR contains family-wise demographic details of about 119 crore residents of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">This linkage allows investigating agencies to access family details of suspects or persons of interest, if available in the NPR database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">NPR data was:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First collected in <strong>2010<\/strong> during the first phase of the <strong>2011 Census<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Last updated in <strong>2015<\/strong> through door-to-door enumeration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intended to be updated during the <strong>2021 Census<\/strong>, which was delayed due to the <strong>COVID-19 pandemic<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Government Push for Wider Use<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The <strong>Union Home Ministry<\/strong> is encouraging:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>State police forces<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Central law and security agencies<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Aim:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enhanced intelligence gathering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faster and more efficient investigation of criminal cases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">States have been asked to <strong>liberally use the NATGRID platform<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technological Capabilities: \u201cGandiva\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong>\u201cGandiva\u201d<\/strong> is an upgraded analytical tool on NATGRID\u2019s IT platform.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">It supports:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Multi-source data collection<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advanced data analysis<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Entity resolution<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Facial recognition<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enables agencies to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify relationships among individuals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Track organised crime networks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Access family-linked data through NPR integration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Organised Crime Network Database<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">On <strong>December 9<\/strong>, the Home Ministry informed the <strong>Lok Sabha<\/strong> that:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An <strong>Organised Crime Network Database<\/strong> is being developed on NATGRID.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Purpose:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Facilitate <strong>secure data-sharing<\/strong> between:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>National Investigation Agency (NIA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>State Anti-Terror Squads (ATS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Usage Statistics<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">According to <em>The Hindu<\/em> (December 7):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NATGRID processes <strong>around 45,000 requests per month on average<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Indicates growing reliance on the platform by security agencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NPR, Census, and NRC Link<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">The <strong>NPR<\/strong> is considered the <strong>first step towards the creation of a National Register of Citizens (NRC)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">On <strong>December 12<\/strong>, the Union Cabinet approved:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Census 2027<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total cost: <strong>\u20b911,718 crore<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Key points:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>No separate allocation for updating NPR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Government stated earlier (July 29) that <strong>no decision has been taken<\/strong> to update NPR during the upcoming Census<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Privacy and Oversight Concerns<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Concerns raised over:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Police and security agencies accessing extensive personal data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Data access even without registering a <strong>First Information Report (FIR)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Government response:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Every query is <strong>logged<\/strong> in the system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agencies must <strong>state the purpose<\/strong> for accessing information<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Senior police officers oversee<\/strong> the process<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multiple <strong>checks and balances<\/strong> are in place to prevent misuse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance and Implications<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Strengthens India\u2019s <strong>counter-terrorism and crime-fighting capabilities<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Enhances <strong>inter-agency coordination and data-driven policing<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"font-size:17px\">Raises important <strong>privacy, civil liberties, and data protection<\/strong> concerns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Government Notifies Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2025 Policy Notification Objective of the Amendment Earlier Approval Framework Key Change Introduced Impact of the Reform Safeguards and Regulatory Oversight Balance of Reform Overall Significance BIS Releases New Standard for Incense Sticks (IS 19412:2025) Purpose of the Standard Key Features of IS 19412:2025 Benefits of the Standard Stakeholder [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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