Q1. Who was the most outstanding Rajput ruler of the 18th century?
- Ajit Singh of Marwar
- Sawai Jai Singh of Amber
- Rana Pratap
- Raja Man Singh
Correct Option: 2. Sawai Jai Singh of Amber
Explanation: Sawai Jai Singh (1681–1743) was a distinguished statesman, astronomer, and reformer. He founded Jaipur and constructed observatories in several cities. His scientific and administrative achievements mark him as the most prominent Rajput ruler of the century.
Q2. Which city was founded by Sawai Jai Singh and built on scientific principles?
- Udaipur
- Mathura
- Jaipur
- Agra
Correct Option: 2. Jaipur
Explanation: Jaipur: A Planned Scientific City
Founded by: Raja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1727.
Territory Taken From: The Jats.
Why It Stands Out:
-First planned city in India based on Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra (traditional Hindu architectural treatises).
-Built on a gridiron pattern, inspired by European Renaissance planning ideals.
-Broad, straight roads intersecting at right angles — highly unusual for the time, when most Indian cities were organically grown and densely packed.
-Jaipur was divided into nine blocks (chowkris), reflecting the Navagraha (nine planets) concept in Hindu cosmology.
Legacy: Jaipur still retains much of this planning, earning it the name “The Pink City” and a UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2019.
Q3. What was the name of the astronomical table compiled by Sawai Jai Singh?
- Zij-i-Alamgir
- Zij Muhammadshahi
- Surya Siddhanta
- Trigonometric Tantra
Correct Option: 2. Zij Muhammadshahi
Explanation: Zij Muhammadshahi was a set of astronomical tables compiled by Jai Singh to aid in celestial observations. It was named in honor of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah.
Q4. Who founded the Jat state of Bharatpur?
- Badan Singh and Churaman
- Jai Singh II
- Suraj Mal
- Ajit Singh
Correct Option: 1. Badan Singh and Churaman
Explanation: The Jat state of Bharatpur was founded by Churaman and Badan Singh. Later, Suraj Mal took the state to its peak during his rule from 1756–1763.
Q5. Under whose leadership did the Jat state reach its peak?
- Ajit Singh
- Badan Singh
- Churaman
- Suraj Mal
Correct Option: 4. Suraj Mal
Explanation: Suraj Mal was described as an able administrator and wise ruler. He extended the state across parts of present-day UP and Rajasthan, including Agra, Mathura, and Meerut.