Q1. What was the primary reason for India’s scientific stagnation in the 18th century?
- Focus on religious studies
- Lack of interest from rulers in science
- Westernization of knowledge
- Decline of trade
Correct Option: 2. Lack of interest from rulers in science
Explanation: The Indian rulers of the 18th century were primarily interested in military weapons and techniques, not in scientific or technological advancements, which led to India’s stagnation in these fields.
Q2. Which of the following features was common in the social and cultural life of 18th century India?
- Total unity among all castes and religions
- Lack of any form of caste system
- Social life marked by divisions of religion, region, and caste
- Strict equality in social status
Correct Option: 3. Social life marked by divisions of religion, region, and caste
Explanation: Social life in 18th century India was deeply marked by divisions, not just by religion but also by region, caste, and even profession, which led to a fragmented society.
Q3. Which of the following languages saw significant growth in poetry in the 18th century?
- Urdu
- Gujarati
- Sanskrit
- Tamil
Correct Option: 1. Urdu
Explanation: Urdu poetry saw significant growth during the 18th century, with poets like Mir and Sauda achieving recognition. Urdu became the medium of social interaction among the upper classes in northern India.
Q4. Which of the following was NOT a notable feature of the 18th century Indian literature?
- Growth of Urdu poetry
- Pessimism and cynicism in literary works
- Strong influence of Western philosophies
- Revival of regional languages like Malayalam and Sindhi
Correct Option: 3. Strong influence of Western philosophies
Explanation: 18th century Indian literature remained traditional and disconnected from Western philosophical influences, reflecting pessimism and a focus on past cultural values instead.
Q5. Which of the following was true about the relations between Hindus and Muslims in 18th century India?
- They lived in constant conflict
- They cooperated in cultural, social, and non-religious matters
- They were completely separated by their distinct cultures
- Hindus and Muslims did not interact at all
Correct Option: 2. They cooperated in cultural, social, and non-religious matters
Explanation: Despite political struggles, Hindus and Muslims in the 18th century often cooperated in cultural, social, and non-religious spheres, creating a composite culture. There was little religious intolerance at the grassroots level.