Q1. Which Article governs suits against or by the government?
- Article 296
- Article 299
- Article 300
- Article 361
Correct Option: 3. Article 300.
Explanation: Article 300 establishes that “Union of India” or respective states have juristic personality to sue or be sued.
Q2. Which condition is NOT mandatory for valid government contracts under Article 299?
- Expressed in President’s name
- Written and signed in English
- Executed on their behalf
- Authorized by President/Governor
Correct Option: 2. Written and signed in English.
Explanation: Article 299 doesn’t stipulate language but requires contracts to be in President’s name, on their behalf, and authorized.
Q3. Who holds personal immunity from prosecution for official acts during tenure?
- Civil servants
- Ministers
- President & Governors
- All judges
Correct Option: 3. President & Governors.
Explanation: Article 361 grants President and Governors immunity from suits for official acts during their term.
Q4. Can civil suits be filed against governors for personal acts during office?
- Yes, without notice
- No, never
- Yes, after 2 months’ notice
- Only after retirement
Correct Option: 3. Yes, after 2 months’ notice.
Explanation: Article 361(b) allows civil actions against them during office after issuing 2 months’ advance notice.
Q5. Are ministers immune from official act liability?
- Yes, under Article 361
- No, they have no constitutional immunity
- Yes, during emergencies
- Only retired ministers
Correct Option: 2. No, they have no constitutional immunity.
Explanation: Ministers have no constitutional protection and can be sued for both official and personal acts.