Q1. In the Indian parliamentary system, the concept of ‘collective responsibility’ is found under which Article?
- Article 75(3)
- Article 74(1)
- Article 76
- Article 110
Correct Option: 1. Article 75(3)
Explanation: Article 75(3) states that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, a core principle of parliamentary governance.
Q2. The expression “procedure established by law” in Article 21 differs from “due process of law” because it:
- Emphasizes fair trial
- Allows courts to examine fairness of the law
- Only requires that law is enacted properly, regardless of its fairness
- Applies only in emergency provisions
Correct Option: 3. Only requires that law is enacted properly, regardless of its fairness
Explanation: Originally, “procedure established by law” meant courts could not question the fairness of the law—only its proper enactment. However, after Maneka Gandhi case (1978), it has been interpreted more broadly to include due process-like protections.
Q3. Which part of the Indian Constitution reflects the concept of a welfare state?
- Part II
- Part III
- Part IV
- Part IVA
Correct Option: 3. Part IV
Explanation: Part IV of the Constitution contains the Directive Principles of State Policy, which direct the state to ensure social and economic welfare, laying the foundation for a welfare state.
Q4. Which of the following institutions is not mentioned explicitly in the Indian Constitution but plays a crucial role in Indian federalism?
- Zonal Councils
- Inter-State Council
- Election Commission
- Finance Commission
Correct Option: 1. Zonal Councils
Explanation: Zonal Councils were established under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, and not through a constitutional provision, unlike the other three which are explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Q5. Which of the following best illustrates the ‘quasi-federal’ nature of the Indian Constitution as described by K.C. Wheare?
- Equal representation of states in the Rajya Sabha
- Independent judiciary
- Strong emergency powers of the Centre
- State Governor’s power to reserve bills for President’s assent
Correct Option: 3. Strong emergency powers of the Centre
Explanation: The central government can override the state machinery during emergencies (Articles 352, 356, 360), showing the unitary dominance in India’s quasi-federal system.