Q1. Why did the Constituent Assembly reject the phrase “Federation of States” in favor of “Union of States” in Article 1?
- To indicate India’s independence from British rule
- Because the Indian states voluntarily joined the Union
- To highlight the centralized nature of Indian federalism and the indissolubility of the Union
- To ensure states had the right to self-determination
Correct Option: 3. To highlight the centralized nature of Indian federalism and the indissolubility of the Union
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar clarified that the term “Union” was used deliberately to indicate that the Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement, and that states do not have the right to secede. This reflects a strong center with an indestructible Union.
Q2. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the status of laws made under Article 3 in relation to Article 368?
- They are equivalent to constitutional amendments
- They require ratification by half the states
- They are treated as amendments to the Constitution only when First Schedule is modified
- They are not deemed constitutional amendments even if they amend the First Schedule
Correct Option: 4. They are not deemed constitutional amendments even if they amend the First Schedule
Explanation: As per Article 4, laws made under Articles 2 and 3, even if they alter the First or Fourth Schedule, are not treated as amendments under Article 368. They can be passed by a simple majority in Parliament.
Q3. The Supreme Court’s advisory opinion in the Berubari Union case clarified which constitutional limitation?
- Union Territories cannot be merged with States
- State boundaries cannot be altered without their consent
- Indian territory cannot be ceded without a constitutional amendment
- Articles 2 and 3 are ultra vires the basic structure
Correct Option: 3. Indian territory cannot be ceded without a constitutional amendment
Explanation: In the Berubari Union case (1960), the Supreme Court held that cession of Indian territory to a foreign country is not permitted under Article 3, and requires a constitutional amendment under Article 368.
Q4. Which constitutional mechanism allows the formation of a new Union Territory by separating a part of a State?
- Article 2
- Article 3
- Article 4
- Presidential Ordinance under Article 123
Correct Option: 2. Article 3
Explanation: Article 3 empowers Parliament to create a new state or union territory by separating territory from an existing state or union territory. This can be done by a simple majority, with the President’s recommendation.
Q5. The phrase “Territory of India” includes:
- Entire South Asian region historically part of India
- Only states mentioned in the First Schedule
- States and union territories only
- States, union territories, and territories acquired by India
Correct Option: 4. States, union territories, and territories acquired by India
Explanation: The Territory of India includes:
-The states
-The union territories
-Any territory that may be acquired by the Government of India (e.g., Sikkim, Goa)