Q1. Which of following Ecological Pyramid is always upright?
- Pyramid of Biomass
- Pyramid of Energy
- Pyramid of numbers
- Pyramid of Size
Correct Option: 2. Pyramid of Energy.
Explanation : Pyramid of Energy is always upright. It reflects the laws of Thermodynamics. Solar energy is converted into chemical energy and heat energy. The energy is lost with each trophic level upward, hence the pyramid of energy is always upright. Pyramid of Biomass and Pyramid of numbers are both upright and inverted.
Q2. Which of the following requirements are necessary for Biomagnification of the pollutants?
a. Pollutants must be biologically active.
b. Pollutants must be long lived.
c. Pollutants must be soluble in water.
d. Pollutants must be mobile.
Which of the above are correct?
- Only a
- Only b & c
- Only a, b, & d
- All the statements
Correct Option: 3. Only a, b, & d.
Explanation : Biomagnification is one of the processes where movement of pollutants in each trophic level is involved. Concentration of pollutants increases in each trophic level upward with Biomagnification process. For Biomagnification to occur, pollutants must be: Biologically active, long lived, mobile, and soluble in fat. If pollutant is soluble in water then it will be excreted by the organism hence it must be soluble in fat so that it can retain longer in the organism. It must be mobile so that it can be taken quickly. It must be long lived so that it remains in the organism for longer period. It must be biologically active so that its concentration can be increased in the organism.
Q3. In which of the following type of Biotic Interaction, both the species get benefitted?
- Mutualism
- Amensalism
- Commensalism
- Competition
Correct Option: 1. Mutualism.
Explanation : Biotic Interaction is the interaction between the organisms living on the earth. This interlinking with each other is necessary for the survival of ecosystem. Mutualism is one such interaction where both the organisms involved are benefitted. For Ex. Coral reefs are formed when the coral gets nutrients from the algae present in it. And in return algae is protected from external environment due to coral shelf present around it. Hence Coral and algae interacts with each other where both gets benefitted. Following are the types of Biotic interaction and there outcome for the species involved.
• Mutualism : – Species (1): Benefitted. Species (2): Benefitted.
• Commensalism : – Species (1): Benefitted. Species (2): Neither Benefitted nor harmed.
• Competition : – Species (1): Harmed. Species (2): Harmed.
• Predation : – Species (1): Benefitted. Species (2): Harmed.
• Parasitism : – Species (1): Benefitted. Species (2): Harmed.
• Amensalism : – Species (1): Harmed. Species (2): Neither benefitted nor harmed.
• Neutralism : – Species (1): Neither benefitted nor harmed. Species (2): Neither benefitted nor harmed.
Q4. In which of the following type of Biotic Interaction, one species benefits and other is unaffected?
- Parasitism
- Amensalism
- Predation
- Commensalism
Correct Option: 4. Commensalism.
Explanation : Biotic Interaction is the interaction between the organisms living on the earth. This interlinking with each other is necessary for the survival of ecosystem. Commensalism is one such interaction where one organism benefits and other is unaffected. For example: Cow dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles whereas dung beetles have no effect on the cows.
Q5. In which of the following type of Biotic Interaction, both the species get harmed?
- Mutualism
- Amensalism
- Commensalism
- Competition
Correct Option: 4. Competition.
Explanation : Biotic Interaction is the interaction between the organisms living on the earth. This interlinking with each other is necessary for the survival of ecosystem. Competition is one such interaction where both the organisms get harmed. For example: If two organisms consume same food then there will be competition between them for the access of that food. So, shortage of that food can harm both the organisms.