Q1. Which Article of the Indian Constitution allows a section of citizens to conserve their distinct language, script, or culture?
- Article 28
- Article 29
- Article 30
- Article 32
Correct Option: 2. Article 29
Explanation: Article 29(1) provides that any section of the citizens having a distinct language, script, or culture has the right to conserve the same. This protects both linguistic and religious minorities
Q2. Article 30 of the Indian Constitution specifically applies to:
- All citizens
- Only religious minorities
- Only linguistic minorities
- Religious and linguistic minorities
Correct Option: 4. Religious and linguistic minorities
Explanation: Article 30 grants the right to religious and linguistic minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. It does not apply to other sections of citizens.
Q3. What was added to Article 30 by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978?
- Definition of minority
- Prohibition on discrimination in aid
- Protection against acquisition of minority institution property
- Right to constitutional remedies
Correct Option: 3. Protection against acquisition of minority institution property
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act added that the compulsory acquisition of minority educational institution property must not abrogate their rights. This was done after removing the right to property as a fundamental right.
Q4. The right under Article 30 is:
- Available to all individuals
- Available only to religious minorities
- Available only to linguistic minorities
- Available only to minorities (religious or linguistic)
Correct Option: 4. Available only to minorities (religious or linguistic)
Explanation: Article 30 provides protection only to minorities, whether religious or linguistic, to establish and manage their own educational institutions.
Q5. What is the significance of Article 32 according to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
- It is a directive principle
- It is the most irrelevant article
- It is the soul and heart of the Constitution
- It can be amended easily
Correct Option: 3. It is the soul and heart of the Constitution
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described Article 32 as the “soul of the Constitution and the very heart of it” because it guarantees the enforcement of fundamental rights by allowing citizens to directly approach the Supreme Court.