Q1. Which of the following correctly distinguishes between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy?
- Fundamental Rights are positive obligations, while DPSPs are negative obligations
- Fundamental Rights aim at establishing political democracy, whereas DPSPs aim at establishing social and economic democracy
- DPSPs are enforceable by courts, whereas Fundamental Rights are not
- Both are enforceable by the judiciary under different circumstances
Correct Option: 2. Fundamental Rights aim at establishing political democracy, whereas DPSPs aim at establishing social and economic democracy
Explanation: Fundamental Rights ensure civil liberties and political democracy, while DPSPs provide a roadmap for social and economic justice to realize a welfare state.
Q2. In which case did the Supreme Court hold that Directive Principles cannot override Fundamental Rights but can be used to interpret them?
- Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
- Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
- Champakam Dorairajan v. State of Madras (1951)
Correct Option: 4. Champakam Dorairajan v. State of Madras (1951)
Explanation: In this early case, the Court held that Fundamental Rights prevail over DPSPs in case of conflict, setting a precedent later nuanced in other cases.
Q3. Which Directive Principle specifically mandates the State to promote international peace and just relations among nations?
- Article 50
- Article 44
- Article 49
- Article 51
Correct Option: 4. Article 51
Explanation: Article 51 instructs the State to promote international peace and security, respect for international law, and settle disputes through arbitration.
Q4. Which amendment inserted the Directive Principle to protect and improve the environment?
- 44th Amendment
- 42nd Amendment
- 86th Amendment
- 73rd Amendment
Correct Option: 2. 42nd Amendment
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added Article 48A, which directs the State to protect the environment and wildlife.
Q5. Which of the following correctly reflects the Gandhian DPSPs?
- Equal pay for equal work, Uniform Civil Code, Free legal aid
- Protection of environment, Prohibition of cow slaughter, Promotion of international peace
- Promotion of cottage industries, Village Panchayats, Prohibition of intoxicants
- Early childhood education, Humane working conditions, Separation of judiciary
Correct Option: 3. Promotion of cottage industries, Village Panchayats, Prohibition of intoxicants
Explanation: Gandhian DPSPs reflect rural upliftment and self-reliance, all ideas central to Gandhiji’s philosophy.