Q1. Who recommended the division of individual rights into justiciable and non-justiciable categories in the Indian Constitution?
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- Sir B.N. Rau
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Sardar Patel
Correct Option: 2. Sir B.N. Rau.
Explanation: Sir B.N. Rau, the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly, proposed dividing rights into justiciable (enforceable) and non-justiciable (not enforceable) categories. This led to the formation of Fundamental Rights (Part III) and Directive Principles (Part IV).
Q2. Which Article of the Constitution states that Directive Principles are fundamental to the governance of the country?
- Article 32
- Article 36
- Article 37
- Article 38
Correct Option: 3. Article 37.
Explanation: Article 37 declares that though the Directive Principles are non-justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country, and it is the duty of the state to apply them in law-making.
Q3. Why were the Directive Principles made non-justiciable?
- Due to opposition from the judiciary
- Due to India’s limited financial and administrative resources
- Because the Constitution borrowed the idea from the US Constitution
- To avoid conflict with Fundamental Rights
Correct Option: 2. Due to India’s limited financial and administrative resources.
Explanation: The framers believed the newly independent India lacked the financial means and administrative capacity to implement these principles immediately. They preferred flexibility over enforcement through courts.
Q4. Who referred to Directive Principles as “pious superfluities”?
- K.T. Shah
- Nasiruddin
- M.C. Chagla
- T.T. Krishnamachari
Correct Option: 1. K.T. Shah.
Explanation: K.T. Shah criticized the DPSPs for lacking legal force and called them “pious superfluities,” indicating that they are noble in intention but practically ineffective.
Q5. What is the real force behind the implementation of the Directive Principles?
- Judicial review
- Legal enforcement
- Moral conscience of leaders
- Political will and public opinion
Correct Option: 4. Political will and public opinion.
Explanation: Since DPSPs are non-justiciable, their enforcement depends on political pressure and public opinion. Dr. Ambedkar emphasized that democratic governments cannot ignore them without facing the electorate.