Q1. Riparian buffers help in controlling eutrophication by:
- Increasing sedimentation in lakes
- Reducing infiltration of water
- Filtering sediments and nutrients before they enter water bodies
- Encouraging livestock grazing
Correct Option: 3. Filtering sediments and nutrients before they enter water bodies
Explanation: Riparian buffers are vegetated areas near water bodies that act as filters to trap sediments, nutrients, and pollutants from surface runoff, thus preventing them from entering aquatic ecosystems.
Q2. Which of the following toxins is commonly associated with harmful algal blooms?
- Mercury
- Cyanotoxins
- Arsenic
- Carbon dioxide
Correct Option: 2. Cyanotoxins
Explanation: Some species of algae (especially cyanobacteria) produce cyanotoxins, which are harmful to fish, birds, marine mammals, and humans. These can cause neurological and liver damage.
Q3. Which wetland type is characterized by poor drainage and waterlogging, often found at the margins of lakes?
- Lake littoral
- Estuary
- Salt pan
- Coral reef
Correct Option: 1. Lake littoral
Explanation: Lake littorals are the shallow areas at the margins of lakes between the high and low water marks. These are periodically flooded and support unique wetland vegetation.
Q4. Which of the following is NOT a function of wetlands?
- Groundwater recharge
- Habitat for migratory birds
- Increase in industrial runoff
- Shoreline erosion control
Correct Option: 3. Increase in industrial runoff
Explanation: Wetlands help reduce industrial runoff by acting as natural filters. They also provide habitats, recharge groundwater, and protect shorelines from erosion.
Q5. Which international treaty provides criteria for identifying wetlands of global importance?
- Kyoto Protocol
- Ramsar Convention
- Paris Agreement
- CITES
Correct Option: 2. Ramsar Convention
Explanation: The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. It provides criteria for identifying wetlands of international importance based on ecological, botanical, zoological, limnological, or hydrological importance.