Q1. Which of the following is a unique adaptation of mangrove trees to survive in anaerobic soil conditions?
- Fibrous roots
- Stilt roots
- Pneumatophores
- Taproots
Correct Option: 3. Pneumatophores
Explanation: Pneumatophores are specialized aerial roots that grow upward to obtain oxygen in the oxygen-poor (anaerobic) muddy soil where mangroves grow.
Q2. What is the term used for the reproductive strategy in mangroves where seeds germinate while still attached to the parent tree?
- Viviparity
- Asexual reproduction
- Germination
- Propagation
Correct Option: 1. Viviparity
Explanation: Viviparity in mangroves allows the seedling to develop on the parent plant, giving it a better chance of survival in saline and unstable soil conditions.
Q3. Which mangrove species is known for its prominent prop roots?
- Sonneratia
- Avicennia
- Rhizophora
- Bruguiera
Correct Option: 3. Rhizophora
Explanation: Rhizophora species develop prominent prop roots that help provide structural support and facilitate gas exchange.
Q4. Mangroves are primarily found in which type of habitat?
- Desert oases
- Alpine meadows
- Mountain slopes
- Coastal tidal flats and estuaries
Correct Option: 4. Coastal tidal flats and estuaries
Explanation: Mangroves thrive in intertidal zones of sheltered coastal areas where saltwater and freshwater mix, such as estuaries and tidal flats.
Q5. Which of the following is NOT a function of mangroves?
- Providing breeding grounds for fish
- Increasing salt levels in coastal areas
- Preventing coastal erosion
- Absorbing freshwater from saline water
Correct Option: 2. Increasing salt levels in coastal areas
Explanation: Mangroves help reduce salinity by absorbing freshwater and some can even excrete salt. They do not increase salinity.