Q1. Which region in India has the richest coral reef biodiversity?
- Gulf of Mannar
- Gulf of Kachchh
- Lakshadweep Islands
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Correct Option: 4. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Explanation: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have the highest coral species diversity among Indian coral reef regions, followed by Lakshadweep, Gulf of Mannar, and Gulf of Kachchh.
Q2. Which act in India provides the highest level of protection to coral reefs?
- Coastal Regulation Act
- Environment Protection Act, 1986
- Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
- Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Correct Option: 3. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
Explanation: Coral reefs are included in Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, which ensures the highest legal protection for their conservation in India.
Q3. What role do coral reefs play in coastal protection?
- They act as natural barriers against erosion and storm surge
- They block fish migration
- They prevent rainfall
- They absorb carbon monoxide
Correct Option: 1. They act as natural barriers against erosion and storm surge
Explanation: Coral reefs dissipate wave energy, thereby protecting shorelines from erosion and damage caused by storms and high tides.
Q4. What is the name of the global initiative for coral reef conservation and research?
- Global Coral Task Force
- Ocean Life Restoration Program
- Global Coral Reef R&D Accelerator Platform
- Coral Alliance for Sustainable Seas
Correct Option: 3. Global Coral Reef R&D Accelerator Platform
Explanation: This platform is a global initiative aimed at advancing research, conservation, restoration, and adaptation of coral reefs worldwide.
Q5. Which of the following is NOT an anthropogenic cause of coral reef degradation?
- Coral bleaching due to El Niño
- Oil spills
- Dredging
- Sediment loading
Correct Option: 1. Coral bleaching due to El Niño
Explanation: While El Niño is a natural climatic event that leads to temperature extremes causing bleaching, other options like dredging, oil spills, and sediment loading are human-induced (anthropogenic) causes.