Performance of Jal Jeevan Mission
- Mission Launch: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) was launched in August 2019 to provide tap water supply to every rural household, implemented in partnership with States for five years.
- Initial Status (2019): Only 3.23 crore rural households (16.7%) had tap water connections at the start of the Mission.
- Progress Till December 2025:
- Around 12.52 crore additional rural households provided with tap water connections under JJM.
- Total of 15.75 crore households (81.37%) out of 19.36 crore rural households now have tap water supply.
- Funding:
- Total Mission outlay: Rs. 3.60 lakh crore.
- Central share: Rs. 2.08 lakh crore, which has almost been fully utilized by 2024-25.
- Extension and Focus:
- JJM extended till December 2028 as announced in the Union Budget 2025-26.
- Emphasis on quality of infrastructure, operation & maintenance, and long-term sustainability of rural piped water supply schemes.
New Labour Codes
Codes Implemented:
- Code on Wages, 2019
- Industrial Relations (IR) Code, 2020
- Code on Social Security, 2020
- Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code, 2020
Purpose: Rationalizes 29 existing labour laws to improve working conditions, wages, safety, social security, and worker welfare.
Key Provisions for Workers
- Employment Documentation: Mandatory appointment letters.
- Wages: Universal minimum wages across sectors.
- Social Security: Nationwide coverage including gig, platform, and interstate migrant workers.
- Health & Safety: Free annual health check-ups; stricter safety regulations in construction, manufacturing, and mining.
- Women Workers: Expanded rights to work in all sectors including night shifts.
- IR Code Specific: Reskilling fund for retrenched workers.
- Enforcement: Regular inspections; penalties (fines/imprisonment) for violations.
Policy & Governance Initiatives
- National Conference of Labour & Employment: Held 11–12 November 2025 with ministers and secretaries from all States/UTs.
- Draft Shram Shakti NITI: Vision document for an inclusive, fair, and resilient labour ecosystem, supporting India’s development goals towards Viksit Bharat 2047.
Employment Generation Scheme
- Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana:
- Outlay: Rs 99,446 Crore
- Objective: Generate 3.5 crore jobs over 2 years
- Focus: Enhancing employment, employability, and social security across all sectors, especially manufacturing
Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS)
Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Minority Affairs
Type: Central Sector Scheme
Objective: Socio-economic empowerment of six notified minority communities through skill development, entrepreneurship, and education support.
Key Features
- Skill Development & Employment
- Training in modern, high-growth sectors: IT-ITeS, electronics, logistics, healthcare, AI, IoT.
- Training in traditional crafts: handloom, handicrafts, embroidery, culinary arts.
- Industry-linked skilling and placement support for minority youth.
- Market exposure via Lok Samvardhan Parv(s).
- Entrepreneurship Development
- Special focus on minority women.
- Women Leadership and Entrepreneurship component to support women-led livelihoods.
- Education Support
- Collaboration with National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS).
- Support for school dropouts to complete class 8th, 10th, and 12th.
- Focus on access, quality, and learning outcomes to enhance social equity.
- Inclusivity & Eligibility
- Uniform national eligibility framework; no regional preference.
- Mandate for inclusion of women and Persons with Disabilities (PwD) in all programs.
National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM)
Objective:
- To make India a global hub for production, usage, and export of green hydrogen and its derivatives.
Key Initiatives and Achievements
- Production & Manufacturing Capacity
- Electrolyser manufacturing: 3000 MW per annum capacity awarded.
- Green hydrogen production: 8,62,000 tonnes per annum capacity awarded.
- Green ammonia supply: 7,24,000 MTPA to 13 fertilizer units via SECI price discovery.
- Hydrogen supply to oil PSUs: 20,000 tonnes per annum awarded for IOCL, BPCL, HPCL.
- Pilot Projects & Industry Applications
- Steel sector: Five pilot projects for hydrogen usage.
- Ports: V.O. Chidambaranar Port awarded a green methanol bunkering and refuelling facility.
- Transport: Five pilot projects for 37 hydrogen-fuelled vehicles with 9 Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) on 10 routes.
- Innovation & R&D
- Hydrogen Valley Innovation Clusters (HVICs): Jodhpur, Odisha, Pune, Kerala.
- R&D projects: 23 projects sanctioned under NGHM.
- Testing facilities: 5 projects sanctioned.
- State-Level Policies & Support
- Dedicated green hydrogen policies: Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
- Facilitative provisions under renewable energy, energy or industrial policies: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh.
National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS / NAPS-2)
Scheme Overview
- Launched: August 2016
- Objective: Promote apprenticeship training and increase apprentice engagement across India.
- Current Version: NAPS-2 operational since 2022–23, implemented nationwide including Uttar Pradesh.
Key Features
- Provides partial stipend support:
- 25% of stipend, up to ₹1,500 per month per apprentice.
- Paid directly to apprentices through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
- DBT implemented from July 2023.
- Supports capacity building, system strengthening, and stakeholder advocacy.
Focus on MSMEs
- Scheme encourages apprenticeship enrolment in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
- 32,364 MSMEs engaged apprentices in the last 5+ years across India.
- Of these, 4,102 MSMEs are in Uttar Pradesh.
- Government stipend support applies to apprentices in all types of establishments, including MSMEs.
Impact on Youth Employability (2016–2020 Evaluation Study)
- Apprenticeship seen as highly beneficial for employment prospects:
- 91% reported improved self-worthiness for employment.
- Post-training employment rates:
- 41% within 3 months,
- 64% within 6 months,
- 74% within 12 months.
- 89% said training improved self-employability.
Current Stipend Levels
- Average stipend for an apprentice in Uttar Pradesh (first year): ₹11,393 per month.
Upgraded Apprenticeship Portal
- Enhanced portal introduced with improved UI/UX and fully integrated digital processes.
- Enables easier management of:
- Registration
- Course selection
- Candidate engagement
- Contract issuance
- Training monitoring
- Stipend processing
- Assessment uploads
- Support available via district-level Assistant Apprenticeship Advisers and Third Party Aggregators (TPAs).
International Mobility of Skilled Indian Youth
1. Government’s Overall Strategy
- The Government of India is taking continuous measures to skill youth to meet global demand across sectors such as:
- Healthcare
- Construction
- Hospitality
- Information Technology
- Green technologies
- Focus is on enabling international mobility of skilled workers through institutional frameworks and bilateral partnerships.
2. International Agreements & Mobility Frameworks
- Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreements with Italy and Germany include:
- Mutual recognition of qualifications and certifications.
- Bilateral Agreements signed by MSDE with Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Qatar, Singapore, and UAE enable:
- Technical exchanges
- Collaborative training programmes
- Benchmarking qualifications
- Mutual recognition
- Sharing best practices
- Protocols with Israel support mobility specifically in:
- Healthcare
- Construction
3. Pre-Departure Training (PDOT)
- Under Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and in collaboration with MEA, MSDE conducts one-day PDOT to prepare migrants with:
- Basic language skills
- Cultural understanding
- Emigration processes
- Welfare provisions
- Do’s and don’ts in the destination country
4. Sector-Specific International Mobility Programmes
- Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP) — Japan
- Supports mobility in healthcare, hospitality, and other sectors.
- Indo-German Green Skills Programme (IGGSP) — Germany
- Trains and certifies Indian youth in green technologies aligned with global standards.
5. Skill India International Centres (SIICs)
- Budget 2023–24 proposed setting up 30 SIICs across states.
- Operational SIICs:
- Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh)
- SDI Bhubaneswar (Odisha)
- An SIIC has also been set up at NSTI Bengaluru to support international mobility for candidates from Karnataka.
6. Data on International Placements
- Government tracks state-wise numbers of candidates trained and placed abroad over the last 3 years.