MCQs on Current Affairs 26.12.2025

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Q1. Under the Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2025, who now has the authority to approve the opening of a coal mine or seam for companies?

  1. Coal Controller’s Organisation (CCO) only
  2. Board of the concerned coal company
  3. Central Government only
  4. State Government only

Correct Option: 2. Board of the concerned coal company.
Explanation:
Previously, the CCO had to grant prior permission to open a coal mine, seam, or section. The 2025 amendment removes this procedural requirement for companies, delegating approval authority to the Board of the concerned coal company. This reform is aimed at streamlining the process, reducing operational delays, and placing accountability at the highest corporate decision-making level, while still ensuring compliance with statutory approvals.

Q2. Which of the following is a safeguard included in the Colliery Control (Amendment) Rules, 2025, after delegating mine opening approval to company boards?

  1. Approval authority for non-company entities continues to rest with the CCO.
  2. Companies no longer need to inform CCO after mine opening.
  3. Central and State Governments no longer have any oversight.
  4. Companies can open mines without any statutory approvals.

Correct Option: 1. Approval authority for non-company entities continues to rest with the CCO.
Explanation:
While the amendment allows company boards to approve mine/seam openings, it maintains regulatory safeguards:
• Companies must obtain all Central/State/Statutory approvals before opening a mine.
• Companies must submit information about mine opening to CCO.
• Importantly, for entities other than companies, the approval process remains with the CCO.
This ensures a balanced approach, streamlining operations for companies while retaining oversight and compliance for other entities.

Q3. Which of the following substances are prohibited under the newly released BIS standard IS 19412:2025 for incense sticks?

  1. Alethrin, Permethrin, Benzyl cyanide
  2. Camphor, Sandalwood oil, Clove oil
  3. Citronella, Eucalyptus oil, Rose oil
  4. Charcoal powder, Bamboo stick powder, Joss powder

Correct Option: 1. Alethrin, Permethrin, Benzyl cyanide
Explanation:
IS 19412:2025 specifies substances that are harmful to human health, indoor air quality, and the environment. The standard prohibits certain insecticidal chemicals such as alethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fipronil, and synthetic fragrance intermediates like benzyl cyanide, ethyl acrylate, and diphenylamine. Options 2 and 3 list natural oils commonly used in fragrances and are not banned, while option 4 lists raw materials for incense base, which are permitted.

Q4. Why were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the disk of T Chamaeleontis difficult to detect before 2022?

  1. PAHs were absent in the disk due to high temperatures
  2. The star emitted too little infrared radiation
  3. The dense inner disk wall blocked ultraviolet radiation needed to excite PAHs
  4. PAHs rapidly broke apart in the disk environment

Correct Option: 3. The dense inner disk wall blocked ultraviolet radiation needed to excite PAHs
Explanation:
PAHs absorb ultraviolet (UV) photons from the central star and re-emit this energy as mid-infrared radiation. In T Chamaeleontis, a dense inner wall of the circumstellar disk acted as a protective veil, blocking much of the star’s UV light from reaching the outer disk. Without sufficient UV excitation, PAHs could not emit strong infrared signals, making them difficult to detect prior to the partial collapse of this inner wall in 2022.

Q5. What conclusion did scientists draw by comparing JWST and archival Spitzer observations of T Chamaeleontis?

  1. PAHs formed only after the disk collapse event
  2. The chemical structure of PAHs changed significantly over time
  3. PAHs became brighter due to increased ultraviolet exposure but remained chemically stable
  4. Larger PAH molecules replaced smaller ones in the disk

Correct Option: 3. PAHs became brighter due to increased ultraviolet exposure but remained chemically stable
Explanation:
The JWST observations in 2022 showed much stronger PAH emission than earlier Spitzer data. However, the relative intensities of the different PAH spectral features were nearly identical in both datasets. This indicates that the PAHs themselves did not change in size or charge over time. Instead, they became brighter because the partial collapse of the disk’s inner wall allowed more UV radiation to reach them, exciting the molecules without altering their intrinsic properties.

Q6. Veer Baal Diwas is observed annually on December 26 to commemorate which event?

  1. The annexation of Sirhind by the Mughals
  2. The birth anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  3. The establishment of the Khalsa Panth
  4. The martyrdom of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji

Correct Option: 4. The martyrdom of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji
Explanation:
Veer Baal Diwas is observed on December 26 to honour the martyrdom of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji, the younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. They were martyred in 1704 at Sirhind (present-day Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab) for refusing to abandon their faith. The day celebrates their courage, faith, and sacrifice, and aims to inspire India’s youth with these values.

Q7. Which of the following statements about the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PMRBP) is CORRECT?

  1. It is awarded only for bravery and sports achievements
  2. It is conferred by the Prime Minister of India
  3. It recognises children below 18 years in six categories of achievement
  4. It allows unlimited awards every year

Correct Option: 3. It recognises children below 18 years in six categories of achievement
Explanation:
The Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PMRBP) is a national-level award conferred by the President of India to recognise exceptional achievements of children below 18 years. It covers six categories:
• Bravery
• Social Service
• Environment
• Sports
• Art & Culture
• Science & Technology
A maximum of 25 awards are given annually, and posthumous awards are generally not permitted except in rare cases.

Q8. What is the primary significance of linking the National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) with the National Population Register (NPR)?

  1. It allows automatic inclusion of citizens into the National Register of Citizens (NRC)
  2. It enables security agencies to access family-wise demographic data of suspects in real time
  3. It permits public access to census and population databases
  4. It replaces the need for State police databases in criminal investigations

Correct Option: 2. It enables security agencies to access family-wise demographic data of suspects in real time
Explanation:
• The linkage of NATGRID with the National Population Register (NPR) allows authorised law-enforcement and security agencies to access family-wise demographic details of suspects or persons of interest in real time through a secure platform. NPR contains data of around 119 crore residents, collected and organised on a family basis.
• This integration strengthens intelligence gathering, counter-terrorism efforts, and criminal investigations by enabling tools like “Gandiva” to perform advanced analysis such as entity resolution and facial recognition using multiple data sources.
• The linkage does not automatically create or update the National Register of Citizens (NRC), is not accessible to the public, and does not replace State police databases, but rather enhances inter-agency coordination through secure data sharing.

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