Short notes on Current Affairs 15.01.2026

28th Conference of Speakers and Presiding Officers of the Commonwealth (CSPOC)

Key Themes and Messages

1. Technology, AI and Democracy
  • Artificial Intelligence and social media are transforming governance and parliamentary functioning.
  • These technologies have improved efficiency, accessibility and effectiveness of democratic institutions.
  • However, their misuse has created serious challenges, including:
    • Misinformation and fake news
    • Cybercrime
    • Social polarisation and erosion of trust
  • Legislatures have a collective responsibility to:
    • Engage seriously with these challenges
    • Develop ethical, transparent and accountable frameworks
  • Emphasis on ethical AI and credible social media regulation as essential to safeguarding democratic values.
2. India’s Digital Parliamentary Reforms
  • India’s Parliament and State Legislatures are increasingly adopting:
    • AI-driven tools
    • Digital technologies
    • Paperless legislative processes
  • Development of a unified digital parliamentary platform integrating legislatures.
  • These reforms are setting new benchmarks in transparency, efficiency and public accessibility.
3. Legislative Reforms and Governance in India
  • Through Parliament–Government collaboration:
    • Obsolete and redundant laws have been repealed
    • New welfare-oriented legislations enacted
    • Policies aligned with public aspirations introduced
  • These reforms are accelerating India’s journey towards:
    • A developed nation
    • A self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) economy
4. India’s Democratic Legacy
  • Over 70 years of parliamentary democracy, India has:
    • Strengthened democratic institutions
    • Ensured inclusive citizen participation
    • Maintained a robust and impartial electoral system
  • People-centric policies and welfare legislation have:
    • Deepened public faith in democracy
    • Reinforced democratic stability and legitimacy
5. Role of Commonwealth Parliamentary Platforms
  • CSPOC and similar forums:
    • Bring together Presiding Officers from diverse democracies
    • Enable exchange of best practices and collective wisdom
  • Shared responsibility is crucial to addressing:
    • Evolving global challenges facing legislatures
    • Threats to democratic norms and parliamentary credibility
6. Conference Agenda & Focus Areas
  • Deliberations include:
    • AI in Parliament: innovation, oversight and adaptation
    • Impact of social media on parliamentarians
    • Enhancing public understanding and participation beyond voting
    • Security, health and wellbeing of MPs and parliamentary staff
  • Strong emphasis on:
    • Impartiality and fairness of Presiding Officers
    • Preserving dignity, credibility and prestige of Parliaments
7. Expected Outcomes
  • Identification of collective, policy-oriented solutions to legislative challenges.
  • Improvements in:
    • Parliamentary procedures
    • Public engagement
    • Trust in democratic institutions
  • Strengthening parliamentary democracy across the Commonwealth.
8. Conference Participation & Conclusion
  • CSPOC includes:
    • Speakers and Presiding Officers from 53 national parliaments
    • Representatives from 14 semi-autonomous legislatures
  • Participation of:
    • 61 Presiding Officers (45 Speakers, 16 Deputy Speakers)
    • Delegates from 42 Commonwealth member countries
  • Conference to conclude with the Valedictory Address by Shri Om Birla.

Seven Years Of GeM’s Womaniya Initiative

Overview

  • The Government e-Marketplace (GeM) marked seven years of the Womaniya initiative, its flagship programme to enhance participation of women-led Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in public procurement.
  • The commemorative event was held at Jeevan Bharti Building, New Delhi.

Scale and Impact

  • As of 14 January 2026:
    • Over 2 lakh women-led MSEs registered on the GeM portal.
    • Cumulative public procurement orders exceeded ₹80,000 crore.
    • Women-led enterprises account for 4.7% of GeM’s total order value.
  • This performance exceeds the mandated 3% procurement target for women-owned and women-led enterprises, reflecting effective policy implementation.

Genesis and Evolution of Womaniya

  • Launched on 14 January 2019.
  • Objective:
    • Address limited access of women entrepreneurs and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) to government markets.
  • Key features:
    • Direct, transparent and fully digital interface with government buyers.
    • Elimination of intermediaries.
    • Reduction of entry barriers in public procurement.
  • Evolution:
    • From an access-enabling platform to a national ecosystem of opportunity supporting scale, credibility and resilience of women-led enterprises.

Institutional and Multilateral Engagement

  • The event brought together:
    • Policymakers
    • Multilateral institutions
    • Ecosystem partners
  • Core emphasis:
    • Importance of institutional access, capability building, and sustained policy support.
    • Need for gender-responsive public procurement frameworks.

GeM Leadership Perspective

  • CEO, GeM, Shri Mihir Kumar highlighted:
    • Womaniya’s transformation into a structured and scalable ecosystem.
    • Role of policy-enabled digital procurement in promoting women entrepreneurship.
  • Key focus areas identified:
    • Price discovery and product comparison for government buyers.
    • Awareness among women entrepreneurs about:
      • Procurement trends
      • Government Financial Rules (GFR)
    • Importance of stakeholder convergence to strengthen the ecosystem.

Strategic Partnership: GeM–WCF MoU

  • A major milestone was the signing of an MoU between GeM and the Women’s Collective Forum (WCF).
  • Signatories:
    • Additional CEO, GeM – Shri Ajit B. Chavan
    • Chief Community Officer, WCF – Ms. Richa Sharma
  • Objectives of the partnership:
    • Build awareness of Business-to-Government (B2G) opportunities.
    • Support onboarding, documentation, compliance and product listing.
    • Enhance visibility and participation through:
      • Structured training programmes
      • Workshops
      • Field-level coordination

Entrepreneurial Outcomes and Engagement

  • The programme featured:
    • Testimonials from women entrepreneurs.
    • Interactive sessions and roundtable discussions.
  • Insights shared on:
    • Enterprise growth enabled by public procurement access.
    • Positive local economic and social impact.

Alignment with National Priorities

  • Womaniya aligns with flagship national initiatives:
    • Aatmanirbhar Bharat
    • Make in India
    • Vocal for Local
  • Reflects the Government’s commitment to:
    • Inclusive economic growth
    • Gender equality in entrepreneurship
    • Strengthening domestic supply chains through women-led enterprises

National Conference on Strategic Trade Controls (NCSTC) 2026

Background and Organisation

  • The National Conference on Strategic Trade Controls (NCSTC) 2026 was organised in New Delhi.
  • Convened by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) in collaboration with:
    • Ministry of External Affairs (MEA)
    • Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO)
    • Other Government partners and industry stakeholders
  • Aimed at strengthening India’s Strategic Trade Control (STC) ecosystem.

Purpose and Objectives

  • Provided a national platform for:
    • Reviewing India’s Strategic Trade Control framework
    • Discussing policies and procedures governing exports of dual-use and sensitive items
  • Focused on items regulated under the SCOMET (Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies) framework.
  • Sought to:
    • Enhance awareness, compliance and coordination
    • Facilitate legitimate high-technology trade
    • Address non-proliferation and national security risks
  • Enabled exchange of international best practices and experiences in strategic trade controls.

Key Highlights of the Inaugural Session

  • Release of the third edition of the Handbook on India’s Strategic Trade Control System.
  • The handbook:
    • Prepared by DGFT in partnership with the D&ISA Division of MEA
    • Included inputs from relevant Government departments and industry experts
    • Provides detailed guidance on STC policies, procedures and compliance

Thematic Sessions and Areas of Discussion

  • The Conference featured seven thematic sessions covering:
    • India’s Strategic Trade Control system
    • SCOMET policy, licensing frameworks and enforcement mechanisms
  • Compliance and supply chain security discussions included:
    • Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) programme
    • Intangible Technology Transfer (ITT) controls
  • Sector-specific sessions focused on:
    • Electronics, information technology and semiconductors
    • Academia and research institutions and their compliance obligations
    • Chemicals and biotechnology
    • Aerospace and space technologies
    • Defence exports and munitions-related controls

Emerging and Frontier Technologies

  • Special focus on evolving technologies with strategic implications:
    • Quantum-related technologies
    • Advanced computing and semiconductors
    • Additive manufacturing
    • Aerospace technologies
    • Cyber security
  • Discussions aligned with:
    • Recent updates to India’s SCOMET List
    • Global non-proliferation considerations

Industry Engagement and Knowledge Exchange

  • Industry-led technology display booths showcased:
    • Emerging technologies
    • Compliance tools and mechanisms
    • Secure supply chain practices
  • Enabled direct interaction among:
    • Policymakers
    • Regulators
    • Technology developers
    • Industry stakeholders

Participation and Outreach

  • Over 500 participants attended the Conference.
  • Participants included:
    • Government officials
    • Exporters and industry representatives
    • Compliance professionals
    • Academia and research institutions
    • Domestic and international stakeholders

Overall Significance

  • NCSTC 2026 reaffirmed the importance of:
    • An effective, transparent and robust Strategic Trade Control framework
    • Balancing national security and non-proliferation with
      • Promotion of legitimate trade in advanced goods and technologies
  • Strengthened coordination among Government, industry and academia.
  • Positioned India as a responsible global trading partner committed to strategic trade compliance while supporting innovation and high-technology exports.

Department of Posts on ONDC

Background and Milestone

  • The Department of Posts achieved a major milestone by successfully booking and delivering its first online order through the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC).
  • The first order was:
    • Booked: 13 January 2026
    • Delivered: 15 January 2026
  • The Department acted in the role of a Logistics Service Provider (LSP) on the ONDC network.

Significance of the Inaugural Order

  • The first consignment was placed by UdyamWell, an ONDC-enabled platform.
  • UdyamWell focuses on supporting Bharatpreneurs, including:
    • Artisans
    • Farmers
    • Rural and small entrepreneurs
  • The successful transaction demonstrates the operational readiness and interoperability of the Department of Posts within ONDC.

Integration with ONDC

  • Through integration with ONDC:
    • Sellers using ONDC-enabled buyer applications can select the Department of Posts as their logistics partner.
    • Services offered include:
      • Parcel pickup
      • Booking
      • Transmission
      • Delivery
  • The integration leverages the extensive nationwide postal network, one of the largest logistics networks in the country.

“Click & Book” Logistics Model

  • The Department of Posts is currently live on ONDC under the “Click & Book” model.
  • Key features:
    • Sellers can digitally generate pickup requests.
    • The Department of Posts can be selected as the Logistics Service Provider.
    • Parcels are picked up directly from sellers’ premises.
    • Postage is collected at the time of pickup.
    • End-to-end tracking, induction and delivery are managed through technology-enabled postal systems.

Broader Impact on Digital Commerce

  • The onboarding of the Department of Posts as an LSP:
    • Strengthens the national digital e-commerce ecosystem.
    • Enhances logistics interoperability on ONDC.
  • Enables inclusive participation of:
    • MSMEs
    • Small sellers
    • Rural entrepreneurs
  • Combines:
    • Unmatched geographic reach
    • Trusted public service legacy
    • Growing digital and logistics capabilities

Overall Significance

  • The initiative aligns with national goals of:
    • Digital transformation
    • Inclusive growth
    • Democratisation of e-commerce
  • Positions the Department of Posts as a key enabler of digital public infrastructure (DPI) in logistics and e-commerce.
  • Demonstrates how legacy public institutions can be integrated into modern, open digital networks to support grassroots entrepreneurship.

78th Indian Army Day Celebrations

Occasion & Significance

  • The Indian Army celebrated its 78th Army Day on 15 January 2026 at Jaipur, Rajasthan.
  • Marked the fourth time the Army Day Parade was held outside Delhi (after Bengaluru, Lucknow and Pune).
  • First-ever Army Day Parade conducted outside an Army cantonment, held in the heart of a city.
  • Hosted for the first time by South Western Command.
Source: PIB

Venue & Attendance

  • Parade route: Mahal Road, from Akshay Patra Circle to Bombay Hospital, Jaipur.
  • Witnessed by over one lakh spectators, reflecting strong civil–military connect.

Opening Ceremonies

  • Celebrations began with a Wreath Laying Ceremony at Prerna Sthal.
  • Wreaths laid by:
    • General Anil Chauhan, Chief of Defence Staff
    • General Upendra Dwivedi, Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)
    • Representatives of the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy
  • Tribute paid to soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice.

Role of the COAS

  • General Upendra Dwivedi served as the Reviewing Officer and took the salute.
  • Presented Sena Medals (Posthumous) for Gallantry to the Next of Kin of five Bravehearts.

March-Past & Contingents

  • Over 30 parade entities participated.
  • Seven marching contingents, including:
    • MADRAS Regimental Centre
    • RAJPUT Regimental Centre
    • Regiment of Artillery
    • Mixed Scouts Contingent
    • NCC Girls Contingent
  • Historic debut of Bhairav Battalion contingents from RAJRIF and SIKH LI.
    • Represented a shift towards lean, agile and high-impact combat formations.
    • Symbolised India’s resolve to “fight smarter and strike faster.”

Aviation & Fly-Past

  • Army aviation fly-past featured:
    • LCH, ALH, WSI and Apache helicopters
  • Added operational and visual grandeur to the parade.

International & Military Bands

  • Nepal Army Band participated, symbolising strong India–Nepal military ties.
  • Performances by seven Indian Military Bands, including regimental and mixed NCC bands.

Display of Military Hardware & Technology

  • Showcased the Army’s modern combat capabilities and technological edge.
  • Heavy armour and mechanised platforms:
    • T-90 tanks, Arjun tanks, BMP-2
  • Artillery and rocket systems:
    • SMERCH, PINAKA, K-9 Vajra, GRAD BM, Dhanush, ATAGS
  • Air defence and protection systems:
    • Akash, upgraded Schilka, Shaktibaan, L-70 guns
  • Precision strike & missile systems:
    • BrahMos, MILAN missiles, M777 ULH
  • Emerging technologies:
    • Robotic mules, All Terrain Vehicles, Vehicle-Based Infantry Mortars
    • Unmanned and counter-drone systems including Prabal C-UAS, Switch UAV, Sanjay, Pralay and Baaz armed drones
  • Several systems used in Op Sindoor were displayed, highlighting operational relevance.

Special Displays

  • Motorcycle Display showcased precision riding, discipline and teamwork.
  • Army Canine Display highlighted the role of military dogs in security, search and operational tasks.

Tableaux & Cultural Performances

  • Thematic tableaus focused on:
    • Op Sindoor
    • Army’s Decade of Transformation
    • Technology absorption and nation-building
  • Cultural tableau by Government of Rajasthan highlighted the state’s heritage.
  • Folk performances included:
    • Kalbelia and Gair dances (Rajasthan)
    • Chenda display by MADRAS Regiment

Kuki-Zo Council Demands Union Territory with Legislature

Renewed Demand for Union Territory

  • The Kuki-Zo Council (KZC) has reiterated its demand for the creation of a Union Territory with a legislature for Kuki-Zo tribes in Manipur.
  • The demand is presented as a constitutional and political necessity, not merely an administrative preference.

Allegations Against the State Government

  • The KZC alleged that elements of the Manipur State government were complicit in, or failed to prevent, large-scale violence against the Kuki-Zo people.
  • According to the Council, this perceived breakdown of trust eliminates any scope for continuing under the same state administration.

Representation to the Union Government

  • A memorandum outlining these concerns was submitted to Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
  • The memorandum was conveyed through the Deputy Commissioner of Churachandpur following a mass rally, indicating organised public mobilisation.

Impact of the Ethnic Conflict (Since May 3, 2023)

  • The ethnic violence has resulted in:
    • Over 250 Kuki-Zo deaths
    • 7,000 houses destroyed
    • 360 places of worship desecrated or vandalised
    • More than 40,000 people displaced
  • Most displaced Kuki-Zo people were forced out of the Imphal Valley.

Breakdown of Co-existence

  • The KZC stated that peaceful coexistence with the non-tribal Meitei community is no longer feasible under current circumstances.
  • It warned against resettling Meitei internally displaced persons (IDPs) in or near Kuki-Zo areas.

Role and Significance of the Buffer Zone

  • The buffer zone separates the Meitei-dominated Imphal Valley from the surrounding Kuki-Zo inhabited hill regions.
  • It was established to prevent direct confrontation and further bloodshed.
  • The KZC cautioned that any violation, dilution, or selective enforcement of the buffer zone arrangement threatens fragile peace and undermines law and order.

Humanitarian and Administrative Hardships

  • For nearly three years, Kuki-Zo people have been unable to access Imphal Valley.
  • This has led to:
    • Severe humanitarian distress
    • Economic disruption
    • Medical and healthcare challenges
    • Administrative isolation

Constitutional Justification

  • The KZC asserted that the demand for a Union Territory with legislature is well within the framework of the Constitution of India.
  • It urged the Centre to expedite a political solution to ensure:
    • Lasting peace
    • Dignity
    • Security for the Kuki-Zo people

Additional Demands and Concerns

  • Action against encroachments caused by:
    • Incorrect district boundaries
    • Faulty police jurisdiction demarcations
  • Protection of Kuki-Zo land and properties in the Imphal Valley.
  • Opposition to efforts aimed at halting inter-village road construction and development in Kuki-Zo areas.

ILO Employment and Social Trends 2026 report

Global Unemployment

  • The ILO projects the global unemployment rate at 4.9% in 2026, equivalent to 186 million people.
  • This is historically low but masks persistent issues such as poverty and informal employment.

Working Poverty

  • 284 million workers live in extreme poverty, earning less than $3/day.
  • Between 2015–2025, the share of workers in extreme poverty declined by only 3.1 percentage points (to 7.9%), much slower than the 15 percentage points decline in 2005–2015.
  • Millions still lack access to quality jobs, particularly in low-income countries.

Informal Employment

  • More than 2 billion workers globally remain in informal employment.
  • The global rate of informality increased by 0.3 percentage points between 2015 and 2025, after having declined in the previous decade.

Gender Gaps

  • Gender disparities remain widespread in the labor market.
  • Limited progress has been made in some areas, such as reducing contributing family work, but overall gender gaps persist.

Structural Changes and Trade Uncertainties

  • Trade uncertainties are likely to remain a persistent feature of the global economic landscape in the short term.
  • Structural transformation and digitalisation are reshaping:
    • Trade
    • Supply chains
    • Production systems
  • These changes affect employment patterns, quality of work, and informality.

Key Observations

  • While global unemployment is low, working poverty and informality remain high, especially in low-income countries.
  • Slow reduction in extreme poverty indicates that economic growth has not translated equally into decent work opportunities.
  • There is a need for policies targeting the working poor, informal workers, and gender inequalities in the labor market.

World Bank raised India’s GDP growth forecast to 7.2%

Current Fiscal Year Growth (FY 2025-26)

  • World Bank raised India’s GDP growth forecast to 7.2%, up 0.9 percentage points from its June projections.
  • Key drivers:
    • Robust domestic demand
    • Strong private consumption
    • Impact of earlier tax reforms
    • Improvement in rural household earnings

Next Fiscal Year (FY 2026-27)

  • Growth projected to slow to 6.5%, reflecting normalisation after the current fiscal’s high momentum.

Medium-Term Outlook (FY 2027-28)

  • GDP growth expected to increase slightly to 6.6%.
  • Drivers:
    • Robust services sector activity
    • Recovery in exports
    • Pickup in investment

Global Context

  • Projection assumes U.S. maintains 50% import tariffs on certain Indian exports.
  • Despite tariffs, India is expected to remain the fastest-growing major economy in the world.
  • Strong domestic demand and resilient exports are expected to offset adverse impacts of tariffs.

Underlying Factors

  • Domestic consumption is supported by:
    • Tax reforms
    • Increased rural incomes
  • Exports and investment expected to pick up gradually over the medium term.
  • India’s growth momentum contrasts with slower growth in other major economies.

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