Q1. What is the primary distinction between the appellate jurisdictions of the Indian and American Supreme Courts?
- The Indian Supreme Court covers constitutional, civil, and criminal cases in its appellate jurisdiction.
- The Indian Supreme Court only handles civil cases.
- The U.S. Supreme Court handles only constitutional cases in its appellate jurisdiction.
- The U.S. Supreme Court has a wider appellate jurisdiction than the Indian Supreme Court.
Correct Option: 1. The Indian Supreme Court covers constitutional, civil, and criminal cases in its appellate jurisdiction.
Explanation: The Indian Supreme Court has a broader scope of appellate jurisdiction, covering constitutional, civil, and criminal cases. On the other hand, the U.S. Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction is mostly limited to constitutional cases.
Q2. Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court?
- Article 129
- Article 124
- Article 131
- Article 145
Correct Option: 2. Article 124
Explanation: Article 124 of the Indian Constitution deals with the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India, outlining its composition and other essential aspects.
Q3. Which of the following jurisdictions is not held by the Indian Supreme Court?
- Original jurisdiction in federal matters
- Appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases
- Advisory jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction over state high courts in judicial matters
Correct Option: 4. Jurisdiction over state high courts in judicial matters
Explanation: The Indian Supreme Court does have judicial superintendence and control over the High Courts due to the integrated judicial system, but it does not directly have jurisdiction over the state high courts in all judicial matters. The U.S. Supreme Court, however, does not have any such power due to the separate judicial system.
Q4. Which of the following is the correct power of the Indian Supreme Court?
- It has the power to interpret laws only within the Union Territory of Delhi.
- Its jurisdiction cannot be enlarged by Parliament.
- It can grant special leave to appeal in any matter.
- It cannot engage in advisory jurisdiction.
Correct Option: 3. It can grant special leave to appeal in any matter.
Explanation: The Indian Supreme Court has the unique power to grant special leave to appeal in any matter against a judgment of any court or tribunal (except military). This power gives the Court wide discretion in choosing the cases it wants to hear.
Q5. Which article of the Indian Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to issue certain writs for enforcement of fundamental rights?
- Article 136
- Article 137
- Article 139
- Article 32
Correct Option: 4. Article 32
Explanation: Article 32 of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court the power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights. This is a key mechanism by which citizens can approach the Court if their fundamental rights are violated.