Q1. Which part of the Constitution contains the Fundamental Duties of citizens?
- Part III
- Part IV
- Part IV-A
- Part V
Correct Option: 3. Part IV-A
Explanation: Part IV-A was added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and includes Article 51A, which outlines 11 Fundamental Duties for Indian citizens.
Q2. Which of the following is a feature of India’s integrated judiciary?
- Single hierarchy of courts for both Union and State laws
- Only the Supreme Court can interpret the Constitution
- Different courts for Union and State laws
- Federal judiciary system like the USA
Correct Option: 1. Single hierarchy of courts for both Union and State laws
Explanation: India follows an integrated judiciary system, where the same hierarchy of courts (from district to Supreme Court) applies to both central and state laws.
Q3. Universal Adult Franchise in India means:
- Only literate citizens can vote
- All citizens above 21 years can vote
- All citizens above 18 years can vote
- Only male citizens above 18 can vote
Correct Option: 3. All citizens above 18 years can vote
Explanation: The 61st Amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18. Every citizen above 18 years, regardless of gender, caste, or literacy, has the right to vote.
Q4. Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right in India?
- Right to Vote
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Equality
Correct Option: 1. Right to Vote
Explanation: The Right to Vote is a constitutional right under Article 326, not a Fundamental Right. The other options are guaranteed under Part III.
Q5. In which country do citizens enjoy dual citizenship (national and state)?
- India
- United Kingdom
- United States of America
- Canada
Correct Option: 3. United States of America
Explanation: The U.S. follows a federal model with dual citizenship — individuals are citizens of both the U.S. and their respective state. India follows single citizenship.
🇺🇸 United States – Dual Citizenship (Federal Model)
Type: Dual citizenship (federal and state)
Details: A U.S. citizen is both a citizen of the United States and of the state they reside in.
Rights: Some rights may vary slightly between states (e.g., voting rules), but all are U.S. citizens first.
🇮🇳 India – Single Citizenship (Federal System)
Type: Single citizenship
Details: All Indians are citizens of India only, regardless of the state they live in.
Rights: Uniform across the country; no separate state citizenship.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom – Single Citizenship (Unitary System)
Type: Single citizenship
Details: The U.K. is a unitary state (not federal), so all people are British citizens.
Regions: Though it has devolved administrations (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland), these do not confer separate citizenships.
🇨🇦 Canada – Single Citizenship (Federal System)
Type: Single citizenship
Details: Canada is a federal country like the U.S., but it provides only Canadian citizenship.
Rights: All citizens have equal rights nationwide; no provincial citizenship exists.