Q1. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution ensures “equality before the law”?
- Article 13
- Article 14
- Article 15
- Article 16
Correct Option: 2. Article 14.
Explanation: Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to all persons in India. It applies to citizens and foreigners and reflects the Rule of Law.
Q2. The concept of ‘equal protection of laws’ in Article 14 has been borrowed from which country?
- Britain
- Canada
- USA
- France
Correct Option: 3. USA.
Explanation: The phrase comes from the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, ensuring that people in similar situations are treated equally by the law.
Q3. Which of the following is NOT an exception to Article 14 (Right to Equality before law)?
- Immunity to the President and Governors
- Laws made to implement Directive Principles under Article 39(b) and (c)
- Special provisions for Scheduled Castes
- Judicial review of Fundamental Rights
Correct Option: 4. Judicial review of Fundamental Rights.
Explanation: Judicial review strengthens fundamental rights and is not an exception to Article 14. The other three are valid constitutional exceptions.
Q4. Which Article prohibits discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?
- Article 14
- Article 15
- Article 16
- Article 17
Correct Option: 2. Article 15.
Explanation: Article 15 prevents the state from making any discrimination on these grounds and covers access to public places and facilities.
Q5. Which Constitutional Amendment provided for 10% reservation to Economically Weaker Sections (EWS)?
- 101st Amendment
- 102nd Amendment
- 103rd Amendment
- 104th Amendment
Correct Option: 3. 103rd Amendment.
Explanation: The 103rd Amendment added provisions to Articles 15 and 16 for 10% reservation to EWS, beyond SC, ST, and OBC quotas.