Q1. Which Article empowers Parliament to restrict Fundamental Rights of armed forces?
- Article 32
- Article 34
- Article 226
- Article 33
Correct Option: 4. Article 33
Explanation: Article 33 empowers Parliament (not State Legislatures) to modify or restrict Fundamental Rights for armed forces, paramilitary, intelligence agencies, etc., for reasons like discipline and duty performance.
Q2. Which of the following statements about Martial Law is incorrect?
- It is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
- It leads to suspension of ordinary courts.
- It allows the military to take over civil administration.
- It is different from National Emergency.
Correct Option: 1. It is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Explanation: The term “Martial Law” is not explicitly defined or described in the Constitution. It is implicitly recognized under Article 34 and borrowed from English common law.
Q3. Which writ prevents lower courts or tribunals from exceeding their jurisdiction?
- Mandamus
- Certiorari
- Prohibition
- Habeas Corpus
Correct Option: 3. Prohibition.
Explanation: Prohibition is issued by a higher court to prevent a lower court or tribunal from acting beyond or outside its jurisdiction. It is a preventive writ.
Q4. Under Article 34, Parliament can:
- Impose Martial Law across India
- Indemnify officials for acts during Martial Law
- Declare National Emergency
- Suspend all Fundamental Rights
Correct Option: 2. Indemnify officials for acts during Martial Law.
Explanation: Article 34 empowers Parliament to indemnify (protect) officials or others for actions taken in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order when Martial Law is in force in any area.
Q5. Which of the following correctly distinguishes between Martial Law and National Emergency?
- Martial Law affects both rights and legislative powers; National Emergency affects only rights.
- Martial Law is imposed by Parliament; National Emergency by President.
- Martial Law suspends government and courts; National Emergency does not.
- Martial Law is provided in Article 352; National Emergency is not provided in Constitution.
Correct Option: 3. Martial Law suspends government and courts; National Emergency does not.
Explanation: Martial Law results in suspension of ordinary law, government, and courts, while National Emergency allows the government and courts to continue functioning. National Emergency is detailed under Articles 352–360.