Q1. Under which Article can Parliament indemnify individuals for actions taken during martial law?
- Article 33
- Article 34
- Article 35
- Article 300A
Correct Option: 2. Article 34
Explanation: Article 34 empowers Parliament to indemnify any government servant or person for acts done during martial law. It validates actions like punishments and sentences during that period, even if they infringe upon fundamental rights.
Q2. Which of the following is NOT true about martial law in India?
- It is explicitly defined in the Constitution
- It implies suspension of ordinary law
- It allows military to take over civilian functions
- It can lead to punishment of civilians by military authorities
Correct Option: 1. It is explicitly defined in the Constitution
Explanation: The term “martial law” is not defined in the Constitution. It is derived from English common law. However, its imposition is implicitly recognized under Article 34.
Q3. Which Article ensures that only Parliament can legislate on certain fundamental rights-related matters?
- Article 33
- Article 34
- Article 35
- Article 36
Correct Option: 3. Article 35
Explanation: Article 35 ensures exclusive power to Parliament to legislate on specific issues related to fundamental rights, including untouchability (Art. 17), human trafficking (Art. 23), and laws restricting rights of armed forces (Art. 33).
Q4. The right to property is currently classified as a:
- Fundamental Right
- Legal Right
- Natural Right
- Human Right
Correct Option: 2. Legal Right
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 abolished the right to property as a fundamental right and made it a legal/constitutional right under Article 300A, enforceable only through ordinary law.
Q5. What was the reason for inserting Article 300A in the Constitution?
- To provide compensation for land reforms
- To restore the fundamental right to property
- To reclassify the right to property as a legal right
- To protect minority educational institutions
Correct Option: 3. To reclassify the right to property as a legal right
Explanation: After the repeal of Articles 19(1)(f) and 31, Article 300A was inserted by the 44th Amendment to retain the right to property as a legal right, not a fundamental one.