Q1. Which Fundamental Duty is unique in its nature as a positive parental obligation?
- To strive for excellence
- To defend the nation
- To provide education to children
- To promote brotherhood
Correct Option: 3. To provide education to children.
Explanation: Clause (k) added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002 imposes a positive obligation on parents/guardians to ensure that their child/ward between 6–14 years gets education.
Q2. The phrase “to develop the scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform” is most aligned with which part of Indian political philosophy?
- Socialist ideals
- Gandhian principles
- Secularism
- Enlightenment rationality
Correct Option: 4. Enlightenment rationality.
Explanation: This clause draws from the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, emphasizing rational thinking, scientific inquiry, and progress, aligning with Jawaharlal Nehru’s vision of modern India.
Q3. In which of the following Supreme Court judgments was the significance of Fundamental Duties emphasized in interpreting laws?
- Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
- Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
- AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001)
Correct Option: 4. AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001)
Explanation: In this case, the Supreme Court stated that Fundamental Duties should be used as a tool for interpreting ambiguous laws, reinforcing that duties complement rights and guide legislative intent.
Q4. What is the constitutional basis for the Parliament to legislate on the enforcement of Fundamental Duties?
- Article 368
- Article 13
- Article 51A
- Entry 97 of the Union List
Correct Option: 4. Entry 97 of the Union List
Explanation: Since Part IVA (Article 51A) does not provide for enforcement, Parliament uses Entry 97 (residuary powers) in the Union List to pass laws related to duties, such as laws on environment or public order.
Q5. Which of the following best describes the nature of Fundamental Duties under the Indian Constitution?
- Exclusively legal obligations with punitive provisions
- Codified ethical and civic responsibilities with no legal backing
- Non-enforceable duties which may inspire legal obligations through legislation
- Constitutional directives with immediate judicial enforcement
Correct Option: 3. Non-enforceable duties which may inspire legal obligations through legislation
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are not enforceable by courts, but they serve as a moral guide and can form the basis for legislation aimed at promoting constitutional values.