Q1. Which of the following Fundamental Duties was recommended by the Swaran Singh Committee but not included in Article 51A?
- Duty to cherish noble ideals of the freedom struggle
- Duty to pay taxes
- Duty to develop scientific temper
- Duty to provide education to children
Correct Option: 2. Duty to pay taxes.
Explanation: The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the inclusion of the duty to pay taxes, but it was not adopted in the 42nd Constitutional Amendment. Thus, it is not listed in Article 51A.
Q2. The Verma Committee (1999) identified existing legal provisions that could give effect to Fundamental Duties. Which of the following Acts was NOT cited by the Committee in this context?
- Right to Information Act, 2005
- Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
- Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Correct Option: 1. Right to Information Act, 2005.
Explanation: The Right to Information Act came into force in 2005, after the Verma Committee report in 1999, and hence was not included in the list of statutes that give effect to Fundamental Duties.
Q3. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution allows Parliament to legislate penalties for non-compliance with Fundamental Duties?
- Article 32
- Article 51A
- Article 245 read with Entry 97 of Union List
- Article 368
Correct Option: 3. Article 245 read with Entry 97 of Union List.
Explanation: Although Article 51A does not specify enforceability, Article 245 gives Parliament the power to make laws, and Entry 97 (residuary powers) of the Union List can be used to enact legislation on Fundamental Duties.
Q4. Which of the following criticisms highlights the constitutional placement issue of Fundamental Duties?
- Duties are vague and non-exhaustive
- Duties are moral precepts without legal backing
- Duties were placed in Part IVA rather than Part III
- Duties are mostly symbolic in nature
Correct Option: 3. Duties were placed in Part IVA rather than Part III.
Explanation: Critics argue that placing the Fundamental Duties in Part IVA, rather than after Part III (Fundamental Rights), has reduced their significance, suggesting that they are secondary to rights.
Q5. Which of the following judgments upheld the relevance of Fundamental Duties in interpreting Article 19 and Article 14?
- Shankari Prasad v. Union of India (1951)
- Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
- Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975)
- AIIMS Students’ Union v. AIIMS (2001)
Correct Option: 4. AIIMS Students’ Union v. AIIMS (2001).
Explanation: In this case, the Supreme Court affirmed that laws aligned with Fundamental Duties could be considered ‘reasonable restrictions’ under Articles 14 and 19, thereby supporting their indirect enforceability.