Q1. Which Fundamental Duty specifically reflects India’s commitment to scientific progress?
- Clause (f) – preserve heritage
- Clause (g) – protect the environment
- Clause (h) – develop scientific temper
- Clause (k) – provide education to children
Correct Option: 3. Clause (h) – develop scientific temper
Explanation: Clause (g) urges citizens “to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.”
Q2. What was H.R. Gokhale’s primary justification for the late inclusion of Fundamental Duties in 1976?
- Need for public health awareness
- To limit the scope of Fundamental Rights
- To suppress opposition parties
- Response to anti-national activities during Emergency
Correct Option: 4. Response to anti-national activities during Emergency
Explanation: H.R. Gokhale stated that the duties were intended to have a “sobering effect on restless spirits” who took part in anti-national and unconstitutional agitations, especially during the 1975 Emergency.
Q3. Which of the following is an implication of Fundamental Duties on judicial review?
- They form part of the Basic Structure Doctrine
- Courts cannot use them while interpreting laws
- They guide the courts in determining the constitutionality of laws
- They override Fundamental Rights in case of conflict
Correct Option: 3. They guide the courts in determining the constitutionality of laws
Explanation: The Supreme Court has observed that if a law gives effect to a Fundamental Duty, it may be considered ‘reasonable’ under Articles 14 or 19, helping uphold its constitutionality.
Q4. Which Fundamental Duty is most directly supported by the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971?
- To respect the National Flag and Anthem
- To strive for excellence
- To develop scientific temper
- To preserve composite culture
Correct Option: 1. To respect the National Flag and Anthem
Explanation: This Act provides penalties for disrespecting national symbols, thereby enforcing Clause (a) of Article 51A: “to respect the Constitution, the National Flag and the National Anthem.”
Q5. Which post-Emergency government retained the Fundamental Duties without repealing them, despite undoing other parts of the 42nd Amendment?
- Nehru Government
- Janata Government (1977–1980)
- Narasimha Rao Government
- Manmohan Singh Government
Correct Option: 2. Janata Government (1977–1980)
Explanation: The Janata Government under Morarji Desai, though it repealed several Emergency-era changes, retained the Fundamental Duties, indicating a bipartisan consensus on their long-term value.