Q1. Which of the following features distinguishes the Akash-NG missile system from earlier versions of the Akash missile?
- Use of liquid fuel propulsion
- Indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker
- Capability limited to low-altitude targets only
- Dependence on imported radar systems
Correct Option: 2. Indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker.
Explanation: Akash-NG is equipped with an indigenous RF seeker, which significantly improves target acquisition, tracking accuracy, and engagement capability.
Earlier Akash variants relied more on command guidance; the RF seeker provides greater autonomy and precision.
Q2. INSV Kaundinya is considered unique primarily because it:
- Is India’s first nuclear-powered sailing vessel
- Is constructed using ancient stitched-plank shipbuilding techniques
- Is designed exclusively for combat operations
- Uses modern metal fasteners and synthetic materials
Correct Option: 2. Is constructed using ancient stitched-plank shipbuilding techniques.
Explanation:
INSV Kaundinya has been built using the stitched-plank technique, an ancient Indian shipbuilding method in which wooden planks are stitched together using coconut coir rope rather than metal nails or rivets.
The seams are sealed with natural resins, making the vessel flexible and suitable for long-distance ocean voyages.
This method reflects the indigenous maritime technology once widely used along India’s coasts and across the Indian Ocean, enabling Indian mariners to travel to West Asia, Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Q3. The primary objective of organizing the PESA Mahotsav is to:
- Strengthen participatory governance and empower Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas
- Provide employment opportunities in urban centres
- Popularise modern sports among tribal communities
- Promote tourism along coastal areas
Correct Option: 1. Strengthen participatory governance and empower Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas
Explanation:
The PESA Mahotsav is organised to commemorate and promote the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA).
PESA aims to empower Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas by giving them authority over:
• Management of community resources
• Protection of tribal land and minor forest produce
• Preservation of customs, traditions, and cultural identity
Activities such as Gram Sabha meetings, technical sessions, cultural events, and public outreach (like the PESA Run) reinforce the idea of grassroots democracy and participatory governance.
Q4. Which of the following statements correctly describe the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project (SLHP)?
- It is India’s largest hydropower project in the North-East.
- It is designed as a Run-of-the-River scheme with small pondage.
- Its total installed capacity is 2,000 MW.
- It uses nuclear energy to generate electricity.
Options:
- 1, 2, and 3 only
- 1 and 4 only
- 2 and 4 only
- All of the above
Correct Option: 1. 1, 2, and 3 only
Explanation:
• Statement 1: Correct. SLHP is the largest hydropower project in North-East India.
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Statement 2: Correct. It is a Run-of-the-River (RoR) scheme with small pondage, meaning it diverts water without creating a large reservoir, reducing environmental impact.
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Statement 3: Correct. Total installed capacity is 2,000 MW (8 × 250 MW units).
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Statement 4: Incorrect. SLHP generates electricity through hydropower, not nuclear energy.
Q5. Which of the following engineering features are part of the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project?
- India’s heaviest hydro generator rotors and largest stators
- First use of Rotec’s Tower Belt for dam concreting in India
- Eight Head Race Tunnels (HRTs) for water diversion
- Nuclear-fueled turbines for higher efficiency
Options:
- 1, 2, and 3 only
- 1 and 4 only
- 2 and 4 only
- All of the above
Correct Option: 1. 1, 2, and 3 only
Explanation:
• Feature 1: Correct. SLHP has India’s heaviest hydro generator rotors and largest stators, reflecting advanced hydropower engineering.
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Feature 2: Correct. The project is the first in India to use Rotec’s Tower Belt for dam concreting, ensuring structural efficiency.
•
Feature 3: Correct. Water is diverted through 8 Head Race Tunnels (HRTs) to the powerhouse.
•
Feature 4: Incorrect. The project uses hydropower turbines, not nuclear-fueled turbines.