Q1. Which of the following statements best reflects the significance of the Preamble in constitutional interpretation as per Indian jurisprudence?
- The Preamble has no legal effect and is only decorative
- The Preamble can override the express provisions of the Constitution
- The Preamble is part of the Constitution and can be used to interpret ambiguous provisions
- The Preamble is legally binding in all cases
Correct Option: 3. The Preamble is part of the Constitution and can be used to interpret ambiguous provisions
Explanation: In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be used to interpret its provisions, especially when ambiguity exists.
Q2. Which of the following cases first held that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution?
- Berubari Union case (1960)
- Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)
- Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
- Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)
Correct Option: 1. Berubari Union case (1960)
Explanation: In the Berubari Union case, the Supreme Court initially ruled that the Preamble is not part of the Constitution. However, this was later overruled in Kesavananda Bharati (1973).
Q3. The Preamble secures to all citizens “Justice: Social, Economic and Political.” Which part of the Constitution concretely implements this provision?
- Fundamental Duties
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Emergency Provisions
- Fundamental Rights
Correct Option: 2. Directive Principles of State Policy
Explanation: Justice, especially social and economic, is largely realized through the Directive Principles (Part IV), which guide the state in forming policies to achieve a just social order.
Q4. Which of the following is a non-justiciable component of the Preamble?
- Liberty of speech and expression
- Equality before law
- Justice—social, economic, and political
- Freedom of religion
Correct Option: 3. Justice—social, economic, and political
Explanation: Though mentioned in the Preamble, social, economic, and political justice are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be directly enforced by courts. They are to be achieved through legislative and executive action.
Q5. Which of the following reflects the concept of ‘Democratic Republic’ most accurately under the Indian Constitution?
- The head of state is elected and not hereditary
- All laws require referendum for implementation
- Supreme Court has power to override Parliament
- People directly elect the Prime Minister
Correct Option: 1. The head of state is elected and not hereditary
Explanation: Republic implies an elected head of state (President), unlike a monarchy. Democracy further ensures popular participation through elected representatives.